Table 1.

Characteristics of activity rhythms in bears during winter dormancy

	CAPTIVE
	DD All [12]	DD Juvenile [5]	DD Adult [7]	Ambient [6]	Wild [10]
Average Activity (Counts/min)	196 ± 5	293 ± 73a	90 ± 20b	34 ± 19b	74 ± 3b
Period (h)	23.97 ± 0.11	23.75 ± 0.10a,†	24.19 ± 0.08b,†	23.99 ± 0.07c	24.03 ± 0.02b,c
Acrophase (h)	15.74 ± 1.39	14.58 ± 2.02	17.29 ± 1.81	12.53 ± 0.74	13.71 ± 0.41
Strength (%)	9 ± 1	10 ± 2a	7 ± 1a,c	17 ± 3 a,b	6 ± 1a,c
Variability (h)	1.07 ± 0.1	1.06 ± 0.13a	1.09 ± 0.16a,b	1.2 ± 0.09a,b,c	1.79 ± 0.12d
Amplitude (Counts/min)	272 ± 104	425 ± 13a	94 ± 13b	45 ± 9 b	78 ± 5b

^a,b,c,dDifferent letters within a row are significantly different from each other, p ≤ 0.05

^†Significantly different from 24 h (one sample t-test, p < 0.05)

Numbers of animals are indicated in brackets

Values are means ± SEM