Table 1. Results of PCR survey to identify gfap and vim sequences in the genomes of representative amphibian and other vertebrate species.

See Supplementary Fig. S16 for detailed phylogenetic analysis used to confirm the vim (column 8) and gfap (column 11) sequences identified in PCR survey.

Common Name	Species	Class	Order	Family	vim Clones Sequenced	Successful Reads	vim	gfap Clones Sequenced	Successful Reads	gfap
Common Toad	Bufo bufo	Amphibia	Anura	Bufonidae	13	13	6	12	11	0
African clawed frog	Xenopus laevis	Amphibia	Anura	Pipidae	3	3	3	26	24	0
Carvalho’s Surinam toad	Pipa carvalhoi	Amphibia	Anura	Pipidae	7	7	6	13	12	0
Mexican burrowing frog	Rhinophrynus dorsalis	Amphibia	Anura	Rhinophrynidae	7	7	7	12	12	0
Iberian painted frog	Discoglossus galganoi	Amphibia	Anura	Discoglossidae	8	7	7	11	11	0
Archey’s frog	Leiopelma archeyi	Amphibia	Anura	Leiopelmatidae	24	13	9	12	12	0
Gold striped salamander	Chioglossa lusitanica	Amphibia	Caudata	Salamandridae	12	10	7	25	12	11
Japanese giant salamander	Andrias japonicus	Amphibia	Caudata	Cryptobranchidae	7	7	7	7	7	7
Tiny cayenne caecilian	Microcaecilia unicolor	Amphibia	Gymnophiona	Siphonopidae	7	6	6	23	22	0
Koa Tao Island caecilian	Ichthyophis kohtaoensis	Amphibia	Gymnophiona	Ichthyophiidae	7	7	7	8	7	0
Two-lined caecilian	Rhinatrema bivittatum	Amphibia	Gymnophiona	Rhinatre matidae	11	9	6	8	8	8
Mouse	Mus musculus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Muridae	3	3	3	6	6	6
Viviparous lizard	Zootoca vivipara	Sauropsida	Squamata	Lacertidae	12	9	7	7	6	6
West African lungfish	Protopterus annectens	Sarcopterygii	Lepidosireniformes	Protopteidae	13	13	0	9	7	7
Zebra fish	Daniorerio	Actinopterygii	Cypriniformes	Cyprinidae	3	3	2	3	3	3
Marbled bichir	Polypterus palmas	Actinopterygii	Polypteriformes	Polypteridae	7	6	6	11	10	7