Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations of patient race/ethnicity and other socio-demographic, clinical, and provider factors with initiation of antidementia medication in the second half of 2009 among baseline non-users.
| N (%) Initiating Medication N=84,043 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) N=84,043 | Adjusted OR (95% CI) N=83,554a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| White | 2,744 (4.1%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 375 (3.8%) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 1.03 (0.92,1.16) |
| Hispanic | 362 (4.9%) | 1.19 (1.06, 1.33)** | 1.25 (1.10,1.41)*** |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 1.03 (0.95,1.11) | ||
| Age, n (%) | |||
| 65-69 years | 1.00 | ||
| 70-74 years | 1.32 (1.11,1.56)** | ||
| 75-79 years | 1.59 (1.35,1.87)*** | ||
| 80+ years | 1.57 (1.35,1.82)*** | ||
| Part D low-income subsidy or Dually eligible for Medicaid ever in baseline | |||
| No Medicaid or low-income subsidy | 1.00 | ||
| Low-income subsidy but no Medicaid | 0.80 (0.71,0.90)*** | ||
| Medicaid | 0.86 (0.79,0.94)*** | ||
| Primary care shortage area | |||
| Not a shortage area | 1.00 | ||
| Partial shortage area | 0.92 (0.85,0.99)* | ||
| Full shortage area | 0.87 (0.77,0.98)* | ||
| Federally qualified health centers in county | |||
| 0 centers | 1.00 | ||
| 1 center | 0.95 (0.85,1.07) | ||
| 2 or more centers | 0.89 (0.80,0.99)* | ||
| Rural/urban area of residence | |||
| Large metro | 1.00 | ||
| Small metro | 0.92 (0.84,0.99)* | ||
| Micropolitan | 0.95 (0.84,1.06) | ||
| Non-core rural | 0.96 (0.84,1.09) | ||
| Visits to primary care in baseline | |||
| 0 visits | 1.00 | ||
| 1 visit | 1.44 (1.30,1.61)*** | ||
| 2 visits | 1.36 (1.22,1.52)*** | ||
| 3 or more visits | 1.42 (1.29,1.55)*** | ||
| Any visits to neurologist in baseline | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.69 (1.52,1.87)*** | ||
| Any visits to geriatrician in baseline | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.34 (1.01,1.79)* | ||
| Alzheimer's disease | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2.15 (2.00,2.31)*** | ||
| Duration since first Medicare claim for ADRD | |||
| Less than 1 year | 1.00 | ||
| Less than 2 years | 0.95 (0.84,1.07) | ||
| 2 to 5 years | 0.67 (0.60,0.75)*** | ||
| More than 5 years | 0.45 (0.40,0.51)*** | ||
| Charlson co-morbidity score | |||
| 0 | 1.00 | ||
| 1 | 1.27 (1.08,1.50)** | ||
| 2 | 1.28 (1.10,1.51)** | ||
| 3 | 1.31 (1.12,1.53)*** | ||
| 4 | 1.39 (1.19,1.63)*** | ||
| 5 or more | 1.56 (1.35,1.80)*** | ||
| Hospital admissions in baseline | |||
| None | 1.00 | ||
| 1 | 0.93 (0.83,1.04) | ||
| 2 or more | 0.75 (0.59,0.94)* |
a
489 (0.6%) of patients were removed from the full sample of 84,043 for imitation analysis due to missing data.
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p≤.001