Table 7.
BPA and uterus (morphology and function) experimental studies (in vitro)
| Source | Strain | Exposure route | Doses | Time of observation | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Endometrial stromal fibroblasts | Culture | 5–100 μmol/l | 48 hours | Decreased proliferation, induced IGFB1 (BPA50), decreased CYP11A, HSD17B1, HSD17B2; No effect on PRL levels | (9) |
| Human | Ishikawa cells | Culture | 1 μM | 24 hours | BPA or BPA + estradiol increased levels of PR; BPA + estradiol decreased PR expression compared to estradiol only; BPA may antagonize estradiol effects on PR expression | (66) |
| Human | Endometrial endothelial cells | Culture | 0.1, 50, 100 nM | 24 hours | BPA0.1-100 decreased proliferation and viability; BPA100 increased necrosis | (74) |
| Human | Endometrial endothelial cells | Culture | 50 μM | 24 hours | Decreased cell proliferation | (72) |
| Human | Primary stromal endometrial cells (proliferative phase) | Culture | 0.01 mM, 0.01 μM, 0.01 nM; decidualization induced by P4 | 24, 48, 72 hours | No effect on proliferation; BPA (0.01 μM and 0.01 nM) increased G2/M and decreased G0/G1 fractions; BPA increased PRL (0.01 μM and 0.01 nM), LEFTY (0.01 μM), and IGFBP1 (0.01 mM, 0.01 μM and 0.01 nM) | (76) |
| Human | 5 cycling women undergoing hysterectomy | Culture | 10 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 nM, 0.01 nM | 24 hours | No effect on cell viability or proliferation; Increased angiogenic activity (10 μM); No difference in VEGF, ESR2, and GPR30 levels | (78) |
| Human | Decidualized stromal cells | Culture | 1–100 pM, 1–100 nM, 1–100 μM | 24, 48 hours | No effect on cell viability; Increased proliferation (48 hours; 100 nM) | (73) |
| Human | Decidualized stromal cells | Culture | 1 pM, 1 nM, 1 μM | 24, 48 hours | BPA1 μM: decreased PRL; no effect on IGFBP1, increased ESR1 and ESR2 (1nM) BPA1 μM increased PR protein and PRA PRB mRNA; BPA1pM decreased hCG/LH-R protein and increased MIF protein secretion |
(73) |
| Human | Ishikawa cells | Culture | 1 nM, 100 nM, 10 μM, 100 μM | 8, 24, 48 hours | No effect on cell viability; Affected multiple molecular pathways associated with cell organization and biogenesis, translation, proliferation, and intracellular transport | (77) |
| Human | Ishikawa cells | Culture | 0.1 nM–25 μM, 1 μM | 24 hours | Increase in HOXA10 in a dose response manner | (69) |