Table 8.
BPA and estrous cyclicity
| Source | Strain | Exposure route | Time of exposure | Doses | Time of observation | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | Long Evans | Injections | PND0 - 3 | 50μg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day | Post weaning and vaginal opening | By week, 15 only 33% of females (BPA50 mg/kg) cycled regularly | (84) |
| Rat | Sprague Dawley | Oral gavage | GD6-birth+ PND1-15 or 21 | 2.5, 8, 25, 80, 260, 840 μg/kg/day, 2.7, 100, 300 mg/kg/day | F1 PND15, 21, 90, PND69-90, 150-170 (estrous) | BPA300: abnormal cyclicity (PND90 and 150) | (83) |
| Rat | Sprague Dawley | Subcutaneous injection | PND1 - 10 | 50 μg/50 μl, 500 μg/50 μl | PND21 PND60-120 |
BPA500 showed irregular cycles with more days at estrus, after PND90 | (80) |
| Rat | Sprague Dawley | Oral gavage | 90 days | 0.001, 0.1 mg/kg/day | 30 days after the age of 21 weeks | Extended estrous phase (2–7 days) | (81) |
| Rat | Wistar | Drinking water and lactation | GD6 – PND21 | 10 mg/l (1.2 mg/kg/day) | F1 3 months of age for 4 consecutive weeks | Irregular estrous cycles | (64) |
| Rat | Wistar | Subcutaneous injection | PND1, 3, 5, and 7 | 0.05, 20 mg/kg/day | PND85-100 | BPA0.05: more time at proestrus-estrus | (82) |
| Mouse | C57BL6J | Oral | 12–15 days (first 3 reproductive cycles) | 50 μg/kg/day | 51–54 days | No effect on estrous cyclicity | (38) |
| Mouse | ICR | Subcutaneous injection | PND8 | 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/kg | Observed: PND20-29; scarified: PND25, 30, 70 | BPA100: decreased number of days in estrus | (62) |
| Rat | Wistar | Oral, drinking water | GD9-birth | 0.5, 50 μg/kg/day | F1: PND45, 90 | No effect on estrous cyclicity | (41) |
| Rat | Wistar | Drinking water + lactation | GD9 – PND21 | 0.5 or 50 μg/kg/day | F1: PND90, PND360 | No effect on estrous cyclicity | (60) |
| Mouse | FVB | Oral | GD11-birth | 0.5, 20, 50 μg/kg/day | F1 on PND21 | PND21: shorter time span between vaginal opening and first estrus (BPA50); BPA0.5 less time in proestrus and estrus and more in diestrus and metestrus; BPA20 shortened estrus | (36) |
| Mouse | CD-1 | Oral gavage | GD1 – PND20 | 12, 25, 50 mg/kg/day | F1 on PND50 | No effect on estrous cyclicity | (46) |
| Mouse | CD-1 | Oral gavage | PND21 - 49 | 25, 50 mg/kg/day | PND50 | No effect on estrous cyclicity | (46) |
| Mouse | FVB | Oral of pregnant dams (F0) | GD11-birth | 0.5, 20, 50 μg/kg/day | F1, F2, F3: 3, 6, 9 months | F3: delayed age at first estrus (BPA50) | (35) |