Table 2.

Risk factors assessed for association with LDD, by linear regression

	Univariable				Multivariable (all variables included) N = 811			Multivariable, excluding T2D N = 811			Multivariable, excluding BMI N = 812
	n	β	95 % CI	p	β	95 % CI	p	β	95 % CI	p	β	95 % CI	p
Age (years)	956	0.067	0.058–0.076	<0.001	0.071	0.061–0.081	<0.001	0.070	0.0602–0.0799	<0.001	0.071	0.061–0.081	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	948	0.031	0.010–0.052	<0.01	0.022	0.004–0.040	0.02	0.021	0.003–0.038	0.02	–
Smoking	851
Ex-smoker		0.132	−0.047 to 0.310	0.15	0.046	−0.117 to 0.209	0.58	0.045	−0.118 to 0.208	0.59	0.051	−0.112 to 0.214	0.54
Current		−0.205	−0.452 to 0.041	0.11	−0.088	−0.301 to 0.125	0.42	−0.089	−0.089 to 0.108	0.41	−0.091	−0.307 to 0.124	0.41
Alcohol	904	−0.054	−0.110 to 0.0019	0.06	0.029	−0.023 to 0.081	0.27	0.030	−0.022 to 0.082	0.26	0.025	−0.026 to 0.077	0.34
Sex	956	0.183	−0.249 to 0.615	0.41	−0.066	−0.472 to 0.340	0.75	−0.059	−0.461 to 0.342	0.77	−0.021	−0.433 to 0.391	0.92
T2D	956	0.305	0.0492–0.561	0.02	−0.128	−0.359 to 0.104	0.28	–			−0.060	−0.294 to 0.175	0.62

Univariable regression included the variable in the leftmost column in a single model (six models in total); multivariable regression included all variables in the leftmost column. BMI and T2D as possible co-dependent risk factors were tested by including both in the multivariable model, then by mutually excluding them. All regressions were adjusted for relatedness

N sample size; β estimated effect size; CI confidence interval