Table 4.

Comparison of pre- and perinatal complications in cases affected with a tic disorder compared to age- and sex-propensity matched controls

Variable	Cases (N=236)		Controls (N=518)			Unadjusted for SES				Adjusted for SES

	Exposed N	Exposed %	Exposed N	Exposed %	OR	95% CI OR	χ²	P^a	OR	95% CI OR	Wald	P^b
At least one pregnancy complication	130	53.5	239	45.5	1.72	1.17–2.50	7.91	<0.01	1.76	1.18–2.62	7.72	<0.01
Premature birth (gestational age < 37 weeks at birth)	43	18.2	61	11.8	1.69	1.10–2.59	5.91	<0.05	1.72	1.11–2.65	5.90	<0.05
Morning sickness requiring medical attention	22	9.32	20	3.86	2.69	1.43–5.06	9.99	<0.01	2.57	1.32–4.75	7.95	<0.01
At least one delivery complication	103	42.4	209	39.6	1.17	0.84 – 1.61	0.85	0.36	1.17	0.83 – 1.65	0.85	0.36
At least one neonatal complication	51	21.0	96	18.2	1.17	0.78 – 1.75	0.59	0.47	1.29	0.87 – 1.96	1.53	0.22

	Mean	SD	Mean	SD			Z	P^c	OR	95% CI OR	Wald	P^b

Total number of pregnancy complications	1.15	1.27	0.94	1.28			−2.21	<0.05	1.13	0.99–1.28	3.78	0.05
Total number of delivery complications	0.55	0.85	0.49	0.85			−1.60	0.11	1.08	0.89–1.32	0.60	0.44
Total number of neonatal complications	0.67	1.70	0.52	1.35			−1.66	0.10	1.09	0.98–1.22	2.68	0.10
Total number of complications	2.36	2.66	1.95	2.57			−3.01	<0.01	1.07	1.01–1.14	5.45	<0.05

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

Comparisons were done using Pearson’s chi-square tests with one degree of freedom

Comparisons were done with a logistic regression with one degree of freedom

Comparisons were done with the Mann-Whitney test