Table 1.
Patients’ demographic characteristics
| All patients | Patients | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| with PA | without PA | |||
| (n = 427) | (n = 17) | (n = 356) | ||
| Age, y | 74.3 ± 11.9 | 70.6 ± 10.3 | 74.6 ± 11.8 | 0.095a |
| Male | 242 (56.7 %) | 5 (29.4 %) | 212 (59.6 %)d | 0.014b |
| Hypertension | 288 (67.4 %) | 14 (82.4 %) | 245 (68.8 %) | 0.237b |
| Diabetes | 75 (17.6 %) | 0 (0 %) | 70 (19.6 %)d | 0.027c |
| Dyslipidemia | 120 (28.1 %) | 3 (17.6 %) | 104 (29.2 %) | 0.230c |
| History of smoking | 122 (28.6 %) | 2 (11.8 %) | 108 (30.3 %) | 0.101b |
| Habitual drinking | 140 (32.8 %) | 4 (23.5 %) | 125 (35.1 %) | 0.327b |
| Initial systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 162.8 ± 31.6 | 179.9 ± 26.1d | 162.0 ± 31.6 | 0.012a |
| Initial diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 89.7 ± 20.2 | 101.8 ± 15.7d | 89.2 ± 20.3 | 0.003a |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.5d | 0.001a |
| Stroke subtypes | ||||
| Ischemic stroke | 256 (60.0 %) | 7 (41.2 %) | 225 (63.2 %) | 0.067b |
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 69 (16.2 %) | 1 (5.9 %) | 62 (17.4 %) | 0.185c |
| Cardioembolism | 93 (21.8 %) | 3 (17.6 %) | 81 (22.8 %) | 0.443c |
| Small vessel occlusion | 38 (8.9 %) | 0 (0 %) | 34 (9.6 %) | 0.190c |
| Undetermined pathogenesis | 56 (13.1 %) | 3 (17.6 %) | 48 (13.5 %) | 0.418c |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 106 (24.8 %) | 8 (47.1 %)d | 86 (24.2 %) | 0.038c |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 38 (8.9 %) | 0 (0 %) | 24 (6.7 %) | 0.315c |
| Transient ischemic attack | 27 (6.3 %) | 2 (11.8 %) | 21 (5.9 %) | 0.282c |
| Antihypertensive medication | 236 (55.3 %) | 9 (52.9 %) | 203 (57.0 %) | 0.740b |
| Calcium antagonist | 166 (38.9 %) | 9 (52.9 %) | 134 (37.6 %) | 0.233b |
| ARB / ACEI | 123 (28.8 %) | 2 (11.8 %) | 87 (24.4 %) | 0.101b |
| Direct renin inhibitor | 1 (0.2 %) | 0 (0 %) | 1 (0.3 %) | 0.954c |
| Diuretic | 63 (14.8 %) | 1 (5.9 %) | 45 (12.6 %) | 0.227c |
| Beta blocker | 44 (10.3 %) | 0 (0 %) | 24 (6.7 %) | 0.132c |
| Others | 8 (1.9 %) | 0 (0 %) | 7 (2.0 %) | 0.754c |
Values in the table are means ± SD or Nos (%)
Abbreviations: ARB angiotensin receptor blocker; ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
P value calculated by aMann-Whitney’s U-test, bChi-square test, or cFisher’s exact test. dindicates significantly higher or more frequent