HDA6 positively regulates BR signaling. (A) Dark-grown hypocotyl phenotypes of Col-0, the axe1-5 mutant, and the HDA6-YFP overexpression line. (B) Hypocotyl lengths of the dark-grown Col-0 (n = 25), axe1-5 (n = 25), and HDA6-YFP (n = 25). (C) Expression levels of the BR-responsive genes CPD and DWF4. Their expression level in Col-0 was defined as “1.” (D) The seedling phenotype of Col-0, BRI1-GFP, and HDA6-YFP plants grown on medium containing 1 μM BR synthetic inhibitor BRZ220 and propiconazole (PCZ). (E) Phosphorylation status of BES1 in Col-0, BRI1-GFP, and HDA6-YFP plants. BES1 was detected by an anti-BES1 antibody. Error bars represent SE. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.