Table 4.
Factors associated * with hospice deaths (versus hospital deaths) in children and young people with cancer, England 1993–2014(N = 12,774)
| Variable | Value | Year of death | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993–2000 | 2001–2004 | 2005–2014 | ||
| Age(ref: 20–24) | 0–14 | 0.41(0.31 to 0.54) | 0.71(0.51 to 0.98) | 0.91(0.76 to 1.10) |
| 15–19 | 0.56(0.40 to 0.76) | 0.63(0.42 to 0.93) | 0.92(0.74 to 1.14) | |
| Gender | Male vs female | 0.86(0.68 to 1.07) | 0.86(0.65 to 1.13) | 0.92(0.79 to 1.08) |
| Underlying cause of death (ref: Brain & CNS) | Leukaemia | 0.26(0.18 to 0.39) | 0.35(0.22 to 0.57) | 0.26(0.19 to 0.35) |
| Lymphoma & other haematology | 0.29(0.17 to 0.48) | 0.18(0.08 to 0.43) | 0.36(0.24 to 0.53) | |
| Bone & connective | 0.93(0.65 to 1.32) | 0.98(0.66 to 1.44) | 0.79(0.63 to 1.00) | |
| Renal/Liver/Adrenal including neuroblastoma | 0.76(0.46 to 1.24) | 0.86(0.49 to 1.48) | 0.53(0.39 to 0.73) | |
| Other malignant | 0.77(0.57 to 1.05) | 0.79(0.53 to 1.17) | 0.82(0.67 to 1.02) | |
| Non-cancer | 0.21(0.06 to 0.67) | 0.14(0.02 to 1.03) | 0.11(0.03 to 0.46) | |
| N. contributing CoDs (ref: 0) | 1 | 0.81(0.64 to 1.03) | 0.53(0.37 to 0.75) | 0.62(0.51 to 0.75) |
| 2 | 0.29(0.17 to 0.49) | 0.25(0.13 to 0.46) | 0.22(0.15 to 0.32) | |
| 3+ | 0.04(0.01 to 0.26) | 0.15(0.06 to 0.36) | 0.16(0.10 to 0.26) | |
| Deprivation (ref: 5 least deprived) | 1(most deprived) | 0.99(0.71 to 1.39) | 0.82(0.52 to 1.29) | 0.91(0.71 to 1.18) |
| 2 | 0.92(0.64 to 1.31) | 1.06(0.68 to 1.64) | 0.84(0.65 to 1.09) | |
| 3 | 0.72(0.49 to 1.05) | 1.15(0.74 to 1.78) | 1.00(0.78 to 1.29) | |
| 4 | 0.76(0.52 to 1.12) | 0.97(0.61 to 1.55) | 0.92(0.70 to 1.20) | |
| Rural/Urban indicator | Rural vs Urban | 0.99(0.70 to 1.40) | 1.08(0.73 to 1.60) | 0.96(0.77 to 1.21) |
| SCN region (ref: London) | Cheshire & Merseyside | 2.06(1.10 to 3.85) | 1.18(0.55 to 2.52) | 0.91(0.59 to 1.41) |
| East Midlands | 0.98(0.51 to 1.90) | 0.69(0.33 to 1.42) | 0.97(0.69 to 1.38) | |
| East of England | 1.51(0.84 to 2.73) | 1.57(0.91 to 2.69) | 1.24(0.91 to 1.70) | |
| Greater Manchester, Lancashire and south Cumbria | 3.43(2.12 to 5.58) | 1.55(0.92 to 2.63) | 1.06(0.76 to 1.48) | |
| North East, north Cumbria, and the Hambleton & Richmondshire districts of North Yorkshire | 1.04(0.48 to 2.26) | 0.66(0.23 to 1.90) | 0.96(0.60 to 1.54) | |
| South East Coast | 2.46(1.42 to 4.27) | 1.62(0.89 to 2.97) | 1.38(0.99 to 1.92) | |
| South West | 2.27(1.30 to 3.97) | 1.38(0.75 to 2.53) | 1.83(1.35 to 2.47) | |
| Thames Valley | 1.74(0.77 to 3.93) | 0.85(0.34 to 2.10) | 1.71(1.18 to 2.48) | |
| Wessex | 1.22(0.58 to 2.59) | 0.52(0.18 to 1.53) | 0.99(0.59 to 1.68) | |
| West Midlands | 2.05(1.22 to 3.42) | 0.88(0.48 to 1.61) | 1.13(0.82 to 1.54) | |
| Yorkshire & The Humber | 2.44(1.49 to 4.02) | 1.75(1.03 to 2.98) | 1.14(0.83 to 1.56) | |
*The association is measured by proportion ratios(PRs) and 95 % confidence intervals. PR > 1 indicates a higher probability of hospice deaths, <1 lower chance of hospice deaths, PR = 1 indicates no association. The PRs were derived from modified Poisson regression model, adjusting for the listed variables, the number of CYP deaths and the number of CYP cancer deaths at SCN region level