Table 1.

Summary of included studies reporting on overall incidence and, by age, CAP severity, concomitant disease and seasonal variations.

Country (Study design)	N*	Age group	IR by age group /1000 child-years	Overall IR /1000 child-years	Season variation /1000 child-years	Source
Mozambique (CS)	5,132	<3 m 3–12 m 1–2 y	61.0a 59.4a 39.8a	50.2a	NR	25
		<3 m 3–12 m 1–2 y	18.0b 25.1b 14.7b	19.1b
Mali (CS)	44	0–11 m 1–4 y	0.33 0.10	NR	NR	26
Mali (CS)	289	0–11 m 1–4 y 5–15 y	9.98c 1.61c 0.23c	NR	NR	27
Kenya (CS)	1,078	<5 y	NR	6.98	Dec, 2.53 Jul, 11.75	28
Mozambique (CS)	2,951	<5 y	NR	133.5d	NR	29
Gambia (RCT)	42,848	2–5 m 6–11 m 12–17 m 18–23 m 24–29 m 30–35 m	0.97 1.62 1.46 1.20 0.78 0.94	1.29	NR	30
Gambia (RCT)	17,400	<6 m 6–11 m 12–17 m 18–23 m 24–29 m	3.15e 2.93e 3.48e 2.66e 1.85e	2.84e	Mar–Jun, 2.17 Jul–Nov, 4.21 Dec–Feb, 1.71	31
		<6 m 6–11 m 12–17 m 18–23 m 24–29 m	3.11f 3.09f 3.61f 2.77f 1.85f	2.95f	Mar–Jun, 2.40 Jul–Nov, 4.24 Dec–Feb, 1.70
Bangladesh (CS)	6,167	<5 y	NR	1.07	NR	32
Bangladesh (CS)	12,062	<5 y	NR	511d	NR	33
India (CS)	2,118	<5 y	NR	NR	Annual, 96 Mar–Jun, 141 Jul–Sep, 117 Oct–Feb, 16	34
Bangladesh (CS)	977	1–11 m 12–23 m 24–35 m 36–47 m 48–59 m	650d 482d 246d 140d 88d	310d	NR	35
India (RCT)	17,951g	1–5 m 6–11 m 12–23 m	71.7 to 160.8 25.6 to 87.8 9.4 to 47.7	27.2 to 78.9	NR	36
China (CS)	554	<6 y	NR	NR	Mar–Jun; HRV-C detected, HRV-A ND. Jul–Nov; HRV-B detected. Jul–Sep; HRV-C ND.	37
Hong Kong (CS)	18,315	0–5 y	NR	19.4d	NR	38

^*This is the number of CAP subjects within the study and NOT the total study sample size

^asevere clinical pneumonia;

^bradiologically confirmed pneumonia

^crates are inclusive of children with ALRI and pneumonia

^dhospitalized children

^evaccinated children (PCV-9)

^funvaccinated children

^gdata from 3 villages. CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; IR, incidence rate; CS, Cross-sectional study, RCT, Randomized controlled trial; NR, Not reported; HRV, Human rhinovirus; ND, not detected; m, month; y, year.