Table 1.

Leading Clinical and Preclinical candidates with potential to increase DCV efficacy. Definitions: DC gen - DC generation; DCV prod - DCV production; caTLR4 - constitutively active TLR4; shRNA - short hairpin RNA; siRNA - short interfering RNA; TKI - tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

AuthorsRef	Preclinical/Clinical	DCV Stage	Target	Key Results	Applicable to Pediatrics
Nair, et al.17	Preclinical	DC gen	New DC source	Feasible to create DC from cryopreserved autologous stem cell apheresis product	Yes
Benteyn, et al.53	Preclinical	DCV prod	DC activation	In vivo DC maturation with proprietary co-stimulatory molecules – TriMix (CD40L, CD70, caTLR4)	Unknown
Olin, et al.35	Clinical	DCV prod	Novel Antigen	DC loaded with allogeneic tumor cell line lysates were tolerated, best response SD in 1 patient	Likely
Van Nuffel, et al.52	Clinical	DCV prod	DC activation	Durable T-cell and clinical response in chemorefractory melanoma patient treated with TriMix	Unknown
Mitchell, et al.50	Clinical	Adjuvant	Effector T-cells	↑ DC migration to draining lymph nodes, ↑ interferon- γ production post-vaccine, improved PFS	Yes
Rossowska, et al.61	Preclinical	Immuno-modulation	IL-10	Inhibition of IL-10 with DCV ↑ tumor growth inhibition in a murine model	Unknown
Ge, et al.58	Preclinical	Immuno-modulation	PD-1/PD-L1	PD-L1 blockade during DC generation/ injection ↓ tumor growth and ↑ PFS in murine breast cancer model	Likely
Wang, et al.60	Preclinical	Immuno-modulation	PD-1/PD-L1	Transduction of shRNA against PD-L1 into DC ↓ PD-L1 expression, ↓ IL-10 production, ↑ IL-12	Unknown
Van der Waart, et al.59	Preclinical	Immuno-modulation	PD-1/PD-L1	siRNA silencing PD-L1 and L2 in DC ↑ in vitro T-cell priming and in vivo CD8+ T-cell responses	Unknown
Lowe, et al.69	Preclinical	Immuno-modulation	Effector T-cells	TKI dasatinib combined with DCV ↓ tumor growth and ↑ OS compared to either modality alone	Likely