Proposed management algorithm for patients with T1/T2 clinically node-negative (cN0; ie, no palpable axillary adenopathy on clinical examination) invasive breast carcinoma. Abbreviations: ALND, axillary lymph node dissection; BCS, breast-conserving surgery; ECE, extracapsular extension; FS, frozen section; pN1, macrometastatic disease; pN1mi, micrometastatic disease; RT, radiotherapy; SLN, sentinel lymph node; SLNB, sentinel lymph node biopsy. + and ★: Avoidance of axillary lymph node dissection may be considered. Some cases may require multidisciplinary team discussion.