Table 3.3.
Recently Identified Clock-Associated Genes in Neurospora
| Gene name | Rhythm phenotypes of mutants | Function/Identity | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| camk-1 | Small effects on period, phase, and light-induced phase shifting of the conidiation rhythm | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase | Yang et al. (2001) |
| chr (ckb-1) | Long period, low-amplitude rhythms of conidiation, altered temperature compensation, long-period rhythms of FRQ protein, frq, and ccg-1 RNA | Regulatory subunit of casein kinase 2 (CKII) | Mehra et al. (2009), Yang et al. (2003) |
| ck-1a | Long-period rhythms of conidiation, FRQ protein, and frq RNA | Casein kinase 1a | He et al. (2006) |
| csn-2 | Loss of FRQ protein rhythm, lengthened period of conidiation rhythm | Subunit of COP9 signalosome, involved in protein degradation | He et al. (2005a) |
|
csn-1
csn-4 csn-5 csn-6 csn-7 |
Irregular and long- period conidiation rhythms | Subunits of COP9 signalosome, involved in protein degradation | Wang et al. (2010) |
| csp-1 | Slightly shorter period of conidiation rhythm | Light-induced transcription factor, conidial separation | Schneider et al. (2009) |
| csp-2 | Slightly longer period of conidiation rhythm | Conidial separation | Brody et al. (2010) |
| csw-1 | Abnormal conidiation rhythm, loss of FRQ protein, and frq RNA rhythms | Chromatin remodeling enzyme | Belden et al. (2007b) |
| frh | Loss of conidiation rhythm and rhythms of FRQ protein, frq RNA, and ccg- 2 RNA | RNA helicase, component of exosome, regulates RNA processing | Cheng et al. (2005), Guo et al. (2009, 2010), Shi et al. (2010) |
| fwd1 | Loss of conidiation rhythm and rhythms of FRQ protein, frq RNA, and ccg-1 RNA | Component of SCF-type ubiquitin ligase complex, involved in protein degradation | He et al. (2003) |
| mcb | Loss of rhythms of conidiation, FRQ protein, and ccg-1 RNA | Regulatory subunit of protein kinase A | Huang et al. (2007) |
| pkac-1 | Loss of rhythms of conidiation, FRQ protein, and ccg-1 RNA | Catalytic subunit of protein kinase A | Huang et al. (2007) |
| ppp-1 | Short period and advanced phase of conidiation rhythm | Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 | Yang et al. (2004) |
| pp4 | Short period of conidiation and FRQ protein rhythms | Protein phosphatase 4 | Cha et al. (2008) |
| pp4 ppp-1 | Arrhythmic for conidiation and FRQ protein rhythms | Double mutant for protein phosphatases 1 and 4 | Cha et al. (2008) |
| prd-1 | Long period of conidiation rhythm in frq+, loss of fatty acid effect on FRQ-less rhythm in cel, long period of FRQ-less rhythm with geraniol, loss of FRQ-less rhythm in chol-1, severe effect on heat- entrainable FRQ-less rhythm | Unknown | Lakin-Thomas and Brody (1985), Li and Lakin-Thomas (2010), Lombardi et al. (2007) |
| prd-2 | Long period of conidiation rhythm in frq+, long period of FRQ- less rhythm with geraniol, loss of FRQ- less rhythm in chol-1, severe effect on heat- entrainable FRQ-less rhythm | Unknown | Li and Lakin-Thomas (2010), Lombardi et al. (2007) |
| prd-3 (cka) | Long period of conidiation rhythm, altered temperature compensation, loss of FRQ protein rhythm, and RNA rhythms of frq, ccg-1, and ccg-2 | Catalytic subunit of casein kinase 2 (CKII) | Mehra et al. (2009), Yang et al. (2002) |
| prd-4 | Short period of conidiation rhythm | Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), links DNA damage to cell cycle arrest | Pregueiro et al. (2006) |
| prd-6 | Short period of FRQ- less rhythm with geraniol | Unknown | Lombardi et al. (2007) |
| rasbd (formerly bd) | Increased conidiation output, rhythm resistant to CO2 | ras-1, small G-protein involved in signaling pathways | Belden et al. (2007a) |
| rco-1 | Very long period | Transcription factor, regulates conidiation and photoadaptation | Brody et al. (2010), Olmedo et al. (2010a), Yamashiro et al. (1996) |
| rgb-1 | Low-amplitude, long- period rhythms of FRQ protein and ccg- 1 RNA | Regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A | Yang et al. (2004) |
| rrp44 | Long period of FRQ protein and frq RNA molecular rhythms | Component of exosome, regulates RNA processing | Guo et al. (2009) |
| sod-1 | Phenocopies rasbd, slightly shorter period, double mutant with frq10 is rhythmic | Superoxide dismutase, removes reactive oxygen species | Belden et al. (2007a), Yoshida et al. (2008) |
| ult | Short-period conidiation rhythm, double mutant with frq10 or wc-2 is rhythmic, shortens the period of the FLO in the presence of geraniol | Unknown | Lombardi et al. (2007) |
| UV90 | Loss of FRQ-less rhythm in chol-1, severe effect on heat- entrainable FRQ-less rhythm, damping of amplitude of FRQ/ WCC oscillator | Unknown | Li et al. (2011) |
| vvd | Short-period conidiation rhythms in constant light in frq+ and frq10 | Photoreceptor involved in downregulation of light responses | Schneider et al. (2009) |