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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 19.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 6;7(286):286ra68. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010658

Fig. 4. Topical antibiotic treatment applied to rat anastomotic tissues prevents leak.

Fig. 4

Effect of intramuscular (IM) cefoxitin (systemic antibiotic treatment) versus direct topical antibiotic treatment with ciprofloxacin, flagyl and neomycin via enema on post-operative day (POD) 0 and 6. (A–C) Shown are the effects of systemic and topical antibiotic treatment on leak rate, collagen-degrading activity of whole microbial communities, and intestinal collagen content in rats that underwent surgical resection, anastomosis, and devascularization (n=10, *P<0.01, Student t-test). (D, D′). Effect of IM cefoxitin versus topical antibiotic treatment on intestinal tissue MMP9 activity (n=3, *P<0.05, Student t-test).