Table 2.

Correlations (Spearman’s rho) between pain intensity in the neck and shoulders and psychological variables at baseline (BL) together with correlations of changes for these variables from BL to follow-up after 4–6 months (FU_4–6) and correlations of changes for these variables from BL to end of the intervention after 1 year (END₁₂).

Psychological factors BL	Pain in the neck									Pain in the shoulders
	BL			Changes BL − FU4–6			Changes BL − END12			BL			Changes BL − FU4–6			Changes BL − END12
	Rho	p value	n	Rho	p value	n	Rho	p value	n	Rho	p value	n	Rho	p value	n	Rho	p value	n
Anxiety	−0.08	0.57	55	−0.25	0.11	42	−0.16	0.35	37	0.16	0.26	55	−0.18	0.22	42	−0.26	0.13	37
Depression	−0.05	0.74	56	−0.19	0.22	43	0.10	0.57	38	0.14	0.29	55	−0.19	0.22	43	−0.11	0.95	38
Pain catastrophizing	0.17	0.23	54	−0.15	0.36	41	−0.06	0.72	36	0.02	0.88	54	−0.20	0.21	41	−0.06	0.73	36
Fear avoidance	0.10	0.45	56	−0.24	0.12	43	−0.21	0.21	38	0.04	0.75	56	−0.33	0.029*	43	−0.29	0.08	38
General self-efficacy	−0.09	0.52	55	0.10	0.54	42	0.14	0.40	37	0.12	0.37	55	0.21	0.18	42	0.19	0.27	37
Pain self-efficacy	−0.25	0.06	56	−0.10	0.54	43	−0.38	0.019*	38	−0.10	0.45	56	0.10	0.51	43	−0.20	0.23	38
Pain acceptance	−0.30	0.033*	52	−0.05	0.74	40	−0.09	0.62	35	−0.14	0.32	52	0.14	0.40	40	−0.00	0.99	35

^*A significant correlation.