Table 4.

Linear regression analyses of disability measured by the Neck Disability Index at baseline (BL), of changes in disability from BL to follow-up after 4–6 months (FU_4–6) and of changes in disability from BL to end of the intervention after 1 year (END₁₂) as dependent variables and the psychological factors at BL as separate independent variables.

Psychological factors BL	Disability BL			Changes in disability BL − FU4–6			Changes in disability BL − END12
	Parameter estimate	Confidence interval	p value	Parameter estimate	Confidence interval	p value	Parameter estimate	Confidence interval	p value
Anxiety	0.036	−0.454; 0.527	0.88	0.024	−0.425; 0.474	0.91	−0.156	−0.636; 0.324	0.51
Depression	0.297	−0.234; 0.791	0.28	−0.298	−0.866; 0.271	0.30	−0.197	−0.876; 0.481	0.56
Pain catastrophizing	0.141	−0.078; 0.359	0.20	−0.010	−0.219; 0.199	0.92	0.147	−0.112; 0.405	0.26
Fear avoidance	0.232	0.102; 0.363	0.001*	0.047	−0.087; 0.181	0.48	0.002	−0.182; 0.185	0.98
General self-efficacy	−0.014	−0.302; 0.274	0.92	−0.015	−0.340; 0.390	0.92	0.051	−0.323; 0.424	0.78
Pain self-efficacy	−0.307	−0.441; −0.172	<0.001*	−0.044	−0.202; 0.113	0.57	−0.268	−0.482; −0.053	0.016*
Pain acceptance	−0.218	−0.323; −0.114	<0.001*	−0.005	−0.114; 0.105	0.93	−0.071	−0.210; 0.067	0.30

Unadjusted data.

^*Significance.