Table 3.
Baseline assessments
| Variables | Controls (n=15)
|
MCI (n=28)
|
AD (n=13)
|
ANOVA
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | P-value | P<0.05* | |
| MoCA18 | 26.6 | 4.0 | 22.9 | 3.5 | 16.5 | 3.9 | 24.22 | <0.001 | a, b, c |
| Clock Drawing19 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 2.77 | 1.6 | 16.31 | <0.001 | a, b |
| Clock Copying19 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 4.76 | 0.01 | a, b |
| RAVLT Total20 | 42.9 | 8.3 | 30.4 | 8.6 | 20.2 | 6.8 | 26.20 | <0.001 | a, b, c |
| RAVLT immediate recall20 | 9.3 | 3.7 | 4.40 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 25.14 | <0.001 | a, b, c |
| RAVLT delayed recall20 | 8.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 47.51 | <0.001 | a, b, c |
| Intrusions Delayed20 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 2.05 | 0.14 | |
| RAVLT Recognition Score20 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 2.11 | 0.13 | |
| False Alarms20 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.75 | 0.07 | |
| Boston Naming Test21 | 26.0 | 7.6 | 25.5 | 5.8 | 20.0 | 5.5 | 4.12 | 0.02 | a, b |
| Category Fluency (animals)22 | 21.5 | 3.4 | 17.6 | 3.2 | 12.1 | 4.0 | 26.21 | <0.001 | a, b, c |
| Letter Fluency (“p”)22 | 19.5 | 4.3 | 15.6 | 5.3 | 13.5 | 5.0 | 5.29 | 0.01 | a |
| Trail Making A (seconds)23 | 33.8 | 8.7 | 51.1 | 21.4 | 125.5 | 121.4 | 9.22 | <0.001 | a, b |
| Trail Making B (seconds)23 | 75.8 | 29.1 | 143.4 | 86.7 | 288.9 | 97.0 | 26.77 | <0.001 | a, b, c |
| NPI24 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 9.5 | 15.6 | 2.77 | 0.08 | |
| FAQ25 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 12.8 | 9.8 | 15.05 | <0.001 | a, b |
Notes:
*
Multiple comparisons abbreviated as a: controls differ from subjects with AD, b: subjects with MCI differ from subjects with AD, c: controls differ from subjects with MCI. © 2012 Used with the permission of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.18–25
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; RAVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Total, delayed recall, recognition score); NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; FAQ, Functional Assessment Questionnaire; ANOVA, analysis of variance; SD, standard deviation.