Table 3.

Adjusted odds of substance use disorder symptoms (2+) at age 35 as a function of medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids at age 18

	Past-Year Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids at Age 35	Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms at Age 35	Marijuana Use Disorder Symptoms at Age 35	Other Drug Use Disorder Symptoms at Age 35	Any Substance Use Disorder Symptoms at Age 35
Baseline Context of Exposure to Prescription Opioids (Age 18)	¹AOR (95% CI)	2+ Symptoms ¹AOR (95% CI)	2+ Symptoms ¹AOR (95% CI)	2+ Symptoms ¹AOR (95% CI)	2+ Symptoms ¹AOR (95% CI)

No medical or nonmedical use (n = 3,014)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Medical use only (n = 527)	1.74 (1.10, 2.76)^*	1.05 (.855, 1.31)	1.04 (.694, 1.57)	1.17 (.717, 1.92)	1.13 (.914, 1.40)
Medical and nonmedical use (n = 207)	3.22 (1.93, 5.36)^***	1.35 (1.03, 1.77)^*	1.42 (.944, 2.15)	3.07 (1.93, 4.88)^***	1.49 (1.13, 1.97)^**
Nonmedical use only (n = 116)	2.09 (1.10, 3.96)^*	2.04 (1.50, 2.79)^***	2.73 (1.75, 4.26)^***	4.39 (2.73, 7.06)^***	2.61 (1.88, 3.61)^***

²Sample size	²n = 3576	²n = 3768	²n = 3817	²n = 3631	²n = 3549

p<.05,

^**

p<.01,

^***

p<.001

All analyses control for race (i.e., White, Black, Hispanic, Other race), sex (i.e., Male and Female), geographic region (i.e., Northeast, Midwest, South and West), metropolitan statistical area (i.e., large MSA, other MSA, and non-MSA), parental education (college degree vs. no college degree) and cohort year at age 18. In addition, all models control for any substance use at baseline (i.e., annual alcohol use at age 18, annual marijuana use at age 18, and annual other drug use at age 18).

Sample sizes vary due to missing data on the dependent measures (i.e., substance use disorder symptoms at age 35).