Table 2.
Grades of tricuspid regurgitation in echocardiography [10]
| Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effective regurgitant orifice (mm2) | Undefined | Undefined | 40 |
| Regurgitation volume (ml) | Undefined | Undefined | >45 |
| Vena contracta width (mm) | Undefined | <7 | ≥7 |
| PISA radius (mm) | ≤5 | 6–9 | >9 |
| Hepatic vein inflow | Systolic dominance | Systolic blunting | Systolic reversal |
| Tricuspid inflow | Normal | Normal | E-wave-dominant |
| Morphology | Normal/abnormal | Normal/abnormal | Abnormal/flail/large coaptation defect |
| Jet | Small, central | Moderate | Large central/eccentric and wall-impinging |
| Continuous-wave Doppler jet signal | Faint/parabolic | Dense/parabolic | Dense/triangular with early peaking |
PISA proximal isovelocity surface area