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. 2016 Sep 20;6:33762. doi: 10.1038/srep33762

Table 1. Comparison of DTI/ASL measurements among the three groups (healthy subjects, early and mid-late PD patients).

 
 Control PD PD p Value p Value p Value
ROI measurements* Early stage Mid-late stage Control vs. Early Control vs. Mid-late Early vs. Mid-late
Caudate nucleus CBFMA 68.88 ± 9.75 60.80 ± 8.37 54.43 ± 11.74 0.070 <0.001 0.128
  CBFAv 67.95 ± 9.77 61.46 ± 8.62 55.83 ± 11.06 0.106 <0.001 0.200
Globus pallidus CBFMA 46.57 ± 11.60 38.90 ± 9.91 37.74 ± 7.19 0.023 0.006 1.000
  CBFLA 45.55 ± 7.51 37.34 ± 8.02 37.46 ± 8.67 0.003 0.003 1.000
  CBFAv 46.06 ± 8.30 38.12 ± 8.03 37.60 ± 7.67 0.006 0.003 1.000
Putamen CBFMA 62.96 ± 9.96 55.30 ± 11.90 49.10 ± 7.69 0.050 <0.001 0.105
  CBFLA 61.81 ± 7.72 55.51 ± 8.60 50.60 ± 8.56 0.030 <0.001 0.186
  CBFAv 62.39 ± 8.28 55.41 ± 9.58 49.85 ± 7.43 0.026 <0.001 0.105
Substantia nigra FAMA 0.5212 ± 0.0562 0.4234 ± 0.0336 0. 3959 ± 0.0363 <0.001 <0.001 0.069
  FALA 0.5050 ± 0.0514 0.4255 ± 0.0420 0.4185 ± 0.0346 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
  FA Av 0.5131 ± 0.0448 0.4244 ± 0.0314 0.4072 ± 0.0308 <0.001 <0.001 0.373
Hippocampus FAMA 0.1223 ± 0.0294 0.1030 ± 0.0133 0.0976 ± 0.0154 0.003 <0.001 0.882
  CBFMA 61.24 ± 13.51 53.60 ± 13.33 46.67 ± 13.05 0.309 0.003 0.244
  FALA 0.1192 ± 0.0147 0.1008 ± 0.0155 0.1009 ± 0.0167 0.001 0.001 1.000
  CBFLA 58.91 ± 11.23 52.96 ± 10.12 46.77 ± 11.81 0.135 0.001 0.239
  FA Av 0.1208 ± 0.0204 0.1019 ± 0.0134 0.0993 ± 0.0153 0.001 <0.001 1.000
  CBFAv 60.08 ± 12.08 53.28 ± 10.97 46.72 ± 11.80 0.181 0.001 0.208
Prefrontal cortex FAMA 0.1350 ± 0.0287 0.1156 ± 0.0162 0.1120 ± 0.0218 0.002 <0.001 1.000
  CBFMA 78.06 ± 10.92 65.89 ± 17.77 58.00 ± 20.06 0.038 <0.001 0.375
  FALA 0.1420 ± 0.0249 0.1086 ± 0.0232 0.1123 ± 0.0180 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
  CBFLA 79.75 ± 11.12 68.09 ± 16.24 55.33 ± 17.55 0.066 <0.001 0.022
  FA Av 0.1385 ± 0.0235 0.1121 ± 0.0187 0.1121 ± 0.0178 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
  CBFAv 78.91 ± 10.66 66.99 ± 16.70 56.66 ± 18.47 0.045 <0.001 0.103
Frontal white matter fibers CBFMA 42.80 ± 12.69 29.60 ± 9.29 30.74 ± 8.26 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
  CBFLA 42.20 ± 9.06 29.25 ± 9.01 32.31 ± 7.68 <0.001 0.001 0.835
  CBFAv 42.50 ± 10.60 29.42 ± 8.74 31.52 ± 7.39 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
Occipital white matter fibers CBFMA 37.72 ± 13.94 27.60 ± 11.51 24.23 ± 10.43 0.018 0.001 1.000
  CBFLA 37.41 ± 12.66 26.82 ± 9.73 24.72 ± 9.55 0.005 0.001 1.000
  CBFAv 37.57 ± 12.36 27.21 ± 10.27 24.48 ± 9.76 0.008 0.001 1.000
Parietal white matter fibers FAMA 0.4844 ± 0.0455 0.4420 ± 0.0428 0.4357 ± 0.0603 0.006 0.002 1.000
  CBFMA 34.44 ± 9.47 23.44 ± 6.61 21.52 ± 5.38 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
  FALA 0.5032 ± 0.0757 0.4369 ± 0.0507 0.4280 ± 0.0527 0.002 <0.001 1.000
  CBFLA 33.38 ± 7.82 24.76 ± 7.34 22.05 ± 6.42 <0.001 <0.001 0.701
  FA Av 0.4938 ± 0.0542 0.4394 ± 0.0340 0.4319 ± 0.0549 0.002 <0.001 1.000
  CBFAv 33.92 ± 7.80 24.10 ± 6.75 21.79 ± 5.49 <0.001 <0.001 0.835
DTI tractography
 Substantia nigra FNMA 158.5 ± 18.0 144.0 ± 19.5 135.2 ± 15.9 0.007 <0.001 0.305
  FNLA 163.3 ± 21.9 145.8 ± 22.5 135.6 ± 17.9 0.036 <0.001 0.257
  FNAv 160.9 ± 16.7 144.9 ± 17.8 135.4 ± 14.0 0.006 <0.001 0.178

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson disease; ROI, region of interest; FA, fractional anisotropy; CBF, cerebral blood flow (ml*100 g−1*min−1); FN, fiber number; MA, the more affected side of the brain; LA, the less affected side of the brain; Av, average of bilateral ROI measurements. For the controls: MA, the left-hemispheric side; LA, the right-hemispheric side.

*Only neuroimaging variables for which values differed significantly among the three groups are shown. The other neuroimaging variables with no significant between-group differences are shown in Supplementary Table S3.