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. 2016 Sep 20;4:16027. doi: 10.1038/boneres.2016.27

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Copyright © 2016 The Author(s)

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Attachment and proliferation assay of the human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the four different surfaces. (a) Cell attachment on the samples assessed by the cell counting kit-8 assay. (b) Cell proliferation on various specimens. (c) Cell attachment on titanium without modification (Ti), titania nanotubes without drug-loading (NT), chitosan-loaded titania nanotubes (NT-C) and HACC-loaded titania nanotubes (NT-H) assessed by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining after 4 8, and 12 h of culture. Magnification, ×100. The scale bar for the row is shown in the last image. *P<0.05, compared with Ti; **P<0.01, compared with the other groups; ^#P<0.05, compared with NT-C; ^##P<0.01, compared with Ti and NT-C.