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. 2016 Sep 20;6:33666. doi: 10.1038/srep33666

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) Collagen gels embedded with patient-matched periodontitis-associated fibroblasts (PAFs) or non-PAFs derived from healthy gingival tissues. Gingival epithelial cells, which are not patient-matched, were co-cultured on the surface of each gel for 5 d. Representative pictures of collagen gels cultured separately under air-liquid interface conditions. The brown spot in each well is the remaining collagen gel. The size of collagen gel embedded with PAFs was smaller than that seen in the non-PAF treatment. (b) Representative pictures of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of collagen gels embedded with PAFs or non-PAFs. Arrows indicate degradation of collagen gel matrix adjacent to PAFs. Bar represents 25 μm.