Table 3.

Tregs and cytokines in CBMCs of offspring with and without maternal allergy

	Maternal non-allergy (n = 222)	Maternal allergy (n = 90)	P-value
CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ T cells, % in CBMCs (SEM)
U	1.78 (0.71)	1.57 (0.76)	0.12
LPA	2.05 (0.75)	1.81 (0.76)	0.08
PPG	2.33 (0.69)	1.99 (0.68)	0.01
FOXP3 gene expression, fold difference (IQR)
LPA	3.14 (1.79–5.24)	2.50 (0.83–4.88)	0.021
PPG	3.36 (1.32–4.92)	2.69 (1.22–5.86)	0.024
GITR gene expression, fold difference (IQR)
LPA	2.83 (1.53–6.24)	1.50 (0.95–3.03)	0.16
PPG	3.93 (1.87–8.46)	2.46 (0.95–5.89)	0.15
LAG3 gene expression, fold difference (IQR)
LPA	2.83 (1.39–6.45)	1.53 (0.90–3.03)	0.12
PPG	2.93 (1.88–5.66)	2.00 (0.85–2.95)	0.028
IL-10 production, pg/ml (IQR)
U	0.19 (0.01–0.27)	0.035 (0.01–0.23)	0.81
LPA	173.71 (109.24–198.26)	135.16 (91.37–241.89)	0.43
PPG	1104.47 (806.43–1519.56)	868.44 (603.76–1153.45)	0.006
IL-13 production, pg/ml (IQR)
U	0.16 (0.01–0.33)	0.13 (0.01–0.36)	0.52
LPA	3.81 (1.45–7.80)	5.87 (1.48–13.21)	0.06
PPG	25.44 (12.41–53.98)	33.38 (13.14–61.53)	0.021
IFN-γ production, pg/ml (IQR)
U	1.02 (0.01–1.99)	1.02 (0.45–1.99)	0.49
LPA	5.52 (3.47–17.64)	3.95 (1.64–9.66)	0.04
PPG	14.28 (6.57–33.42)	8.66 (5.02–18.96)	0.047
IL-17 production, pg/ml (IQR)
U	0.09 (0.01–0.47)	0.12 (0.01–0.67)	0.38
LPA	2.39 (0.24–4.39)	2.26 (0.81–4.10)	0.86
PPG	2.7 (1.65–10.99)	4.03 (2.74–19.25)	0.049

U unstimulated, LPA stimulation with 0.1 μg/ml LPA, PPG stimulation with 10 μg/ml PPG

Data in boldface are significant with P ≤ 0.05. Data are reported as the mean (SEM) or median (IQR) depending on the data distribution