Table 1.
Sociodemographic factors and Psychological well-being
| Variables | Psychological well-being | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Poor | Fair | |||
| Number | Number (%) | Number (%) | p-value | ||
| Total | 19,879 | 7,200 (36.2) | 12,679 (63.8) | ||
| Gender | Male | 5,963 | 2,071 (34.7) | 3,892 (65.3) | 0.004* |
| Female | 13,916 | 5,129 (36.9) | 8,787 (63.1) | ||
| Age | <29 | 3,781 | 1,219 (32.2) | 2,562 (67.8) | <0.001* |
| 30–39 | 5,705 | 1,818 (31.9) | 3,887 (68.1) | ||
| 40–49 | 5,710 | 2,090 (36.6) | 3,620 (63.4) | ||
| 50–59 | 3,115 | 1,288 (41.3) | 1,827 (58.7) | ||
| >60 | 1,568 | 785 (50.1) | 783 (49.9) | ||
| Education | Middle school or lower | 2,502 | 1,277 (51.0) | 1,225 (49.0) | <0.001* |
| High school | 7,700 | 3,019 (39.2) | 4,681 (60.8) | ||
| Junior college | 3,620 | 1,183 (32.7) | 2,437 (67.3) | ||
| College or higher | 6,057 | 1,721 (28.4) | 4,336 (71.6) | ||
| Monthly income (KRW)a | <1 million | 4,032 | 1,707 (42.3) | 2,325 (57.7) | <0.001* |
| 1–2 million | 9,137 | 3,369 (36.9) | 5,768 (63.1) | ||
| 2–3 million | 3,913 | 1,331 (34.0) | 2,582 (66.0) | ||
| >3 million | 2,789 | 790 (28.3) | 1,999 (71.7) | ||
| Balancing income and expenses | Difficult | 4,175 | 942 (22.6) | 3,233 (77.4) | <0.001* |
| Somewhat difficult | 5,625 | 1,753 (31.2) | 3,872 (68.8) | ||
| Somewhat easy | 6,914 | 2,957 (42.8) | 3,957 (57.2) | ||
| Easy | 3,165 | 1,548 (48.9) | 1,617 (51.1) | ||
| Marital status | not married | 11,362 | 4,192 (36.9) | 7,170 (63.1) | 0.023** |
| married | 8,517 | 3,008 (35.3) | 5,509 (64.7) | ||
| Self-rated physical health | very bad | 39 | 23 (59.0) | 16 (41.0) | <0.001* |
| bad | 605 | 425 (70.2) | 180 (29.8) | ||
| moderate | 5,158 | 2,620 (50.8) | 2,538 (49.2) | ||
| good | 11,957 | 3,688 (30.8) | 8,269 (69.2) | ||
| very good | 2,120 | 444 (20.9) | 1,676 (79.1) | ||
| Hypertension | no | 18,906 | 6,782 (35.9) | 12,124 (64.1) | <0.001** |
| yes | 973 | 428 (43.0) | 555 (57.0) | ||
| Obesity | no | 19,520 | 7,054 (36.1) | 12,466 (63.9) | 0.085** |
| yes | 359 | 146 (40.7) | 213 (59.3) | ||
*Obtained by a chi-squared test
**Obtained by a fisher’s exact test
aObtained data after 8 missing data were excluded