Table 5.

Effect of statins on cancer in recent meta-analyses

Authors (year), reference	Number of studies	Type of cancer	Main findings
Bansal et al. (2012) [83]	15 cohort and 12 case–control studies	Prostate cancer	Statins decreased the risk of prostate cancer (RR 0.93, 95 % CI 0.30–0.86) and advanced prostate cancer (RR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.70–0.90)
Singh et al. (2013) [84]	13 studies (including a post hoc analysis of 22 RCTs)	Esophageal cancer	Statins reduced the risk of esophageal cancer (OR 0.72 95 % CI 0.60–0.86)
Wu et al. (2013) [85]	3 post hoc analyses of 26 RCTs and 8 observational studies	Gastric cancer	Statin use was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (RR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.58–0.93)
Emberson et al. (2012) [86]	27 RCTs	Any	Statins did not reduce the incidence of, or mortality from, any type of cancer (RR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.96–1.05 for incidence; RR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.93–1.08)
Tan et al. (2013) [87]	5 RCTs, 7 cohort and 7 case–control studies	Lung cancer	Statin did not decrease the risk of lung cancer either among RCTs (RR 0.91, 95 % CI 0.76–1.09), cohort studies (RR 0.94, 95 % CI 0.82–1.07) and case–control studies (RR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.57–1.16)
Zhang et al. (2014) [88]	29 studies (including a post hoc analysis of 8 RCTs)	Skin cancer	Statins did not reduce the risk of skin cancer among melanoma (RR 0.94, 95 % CI 0.85–1.04) or non-melanoma skin cancer (RR 1.03, 95 % CI 0.90–1.19)