Fig. 1.

Effects of X-ray and chloroquine alone or combination on the viability of U87 GICs. a Human glioma cell line U87 GICs were plated in 96-well plates(1 × 105/well), treated with various dose of X-ray or different concentration of chloroquine alone for 72 h. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. It demonstrated that X-ray and chloroquine suppressed cell viability in dose-dependent manner. Each bar represents mean ± SD of triplicate determinations; results shown are representative of three identical experiments. b U87 GIC were plated in 96-well plates(5 × 104/well), and treated with 6Gy X-ray or 20 μM chloroquine alone or combination. At indicated time points a MTT assay was performed to assess the cell number, as measured by absorbance(OD). c Clonogenic survival 14 days after treatment with radiation alone(0Gy to 8Gy), radiation plus chloroquine(20 μM). (*p < 0.05,**p < 0.05, n = 3). d Quantification of cell cycle distribution of U87 GIC, using flow cytometry and PI, staining 48 h after treatment. Radiation combined chloroquine significantly increased number in G0/G1 phase compared to radiotherapy alone group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.05, n = 3)