| Cryptophonectria hypovirus-1 (CHV1) |
Cryphonectria parasitica |
Chestnut trees (genus Castanea) |
Reduces pathogen growth rate and virulence to host.
Alters genetic structure of C. parasitica populations.
Allows tree host populations to recover to near disease-free demography |
Hillman and Suzuki (2004); Milgroom and Cortesi (2004)
Springer et al. (2013)
Davelos and Jarosz (2004) |
| Ampelomyces quisqalis |
Podosphaera spp.
Erysiphe spp.
Oidium spp.
Arthrocladiella mougeotii
Golovinomyces spp.
Sphaerotheca fuliginea
|
Numerous plant species including:
Plantago spp.
Cucumber
Grape
Apple
Strawberry |
Reduced pathogen growth
Reduced pathogen overwintering success
Reduced pathogen sporulation
Rescues host plant chloroplast from deterioration |
Verhaar et al. (1996)
Tollenaere et al. (2014)
Falk et al. (1995)
Shishkoff and McGrath (2002)
Angeli, et al. (2012)
Abo-Foul et al. (1996)
Romero et al. (2003) |
| Unknown fungal hyperparsites |
Orphycordyceps camponoti-rufipedis |
Ant: Camponotus rufipes
|
Castrates immature fruiting body and reduces viability of spores.
Limits transmission effeciency of the pathogen. |
Andersen et al. (2012) |
| APSE phage |
Hamiltonella defensa |
Aphid: Acyrthosiphon pisum
|
Reduces bacterial abundance in aphid host.
Phage loss associated with fitness reduction in H. defensa infected aphids.
Phage presence linked to protective property of H. defensa against aphid's natural enemies. |
Weldon et al. (2013) |
| JSF4 bacteriophage |
Vibrio cholera |
Human |
Phage lysis associated with self-limiting bacterial epidemic. |
Faruque et al. (2005) |
| LESϕ prophage |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Human |
Phage lysis associated with bacterial population size regulation. |
James et al. (2015) |
