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. 2016 Sep 20;7:1477. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01477

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Copyright © 2016 Abdel-Azeem, Zaki, Khalil, Makhlouf and Farghaly.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) photomicrograph of the rheumatoid arthritis group showing infiltration of the synovial tissue by fibroblast – like spindle shaped cells (↑) and inflammatory cells, e.g., plasma cells (▲). Note that the nearby articular cartilage (C) has lost its basophilia. Notice also inflammatory cells and exudate (E) in the joint cavity. Inset: higher magnification of spindle shaped cells (↑) and plasma cells (^∗) in the synovium. (Arthritis group, H & E, ×400; Inset ×1000). (B) Photomicrograph of arthritis group showing: (a) areas of bone destruction within the bone matrix; (b) irregular surface of the articular cartilage with erosion on the surface (↑) and loss of its smooth contour. Note also areas of cell loss (↑↑). (Arthritis, H & E, ×400). (C) Photomicrograph of the ankle joint of the group treated with a methanolic extract of the fungus, showing the articular cartilage (C), the joint cavity (J), and synovial membrane (S). Few degenerated cells are evident (↑). (Methanolic extract group. H & E, ×100; Inset ×400). (D) Photomicrograph of the group treated with an ethanolic extract of the fungus showing the articular cartilage (C) covered by hyperplastic synovium (↑). The underlying cartilage has lost its basophilia and many chondrocytes appear degenerated. Inset: acidophilic matrix, area of cell loss (↑↑), and apoptotic chondrocytes (▲). (Ethyl acetate extract group, H & E, ×400; Inset×1000).