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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Neurol. 2016 Jun 1;73(6):721–732. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0580

Figure 2. Effect of Anticholinergic (AC) Medication Use on Brain Atrophy Measures.

Figure 2

Cognitively normal older adults taking 1 or more medications with medium or high anticholinergic activity (referred to as AC+ participants [n = 35]) showed more brain atrophy than participants not taking these medications (referred to as AC participants [n = 251]). Reduced total cortex volume (P = .02 [A]), increased bilateral lateral ventricle volume (P = .01 [B]), and increased inferior lateral ventricle volume (P < .001 [C]) were observed in AC+ participants relative to AC participants. Furthermore, reduced bilateral temporal lobe (P = .02, with concussion as an additional covariate [D]) and medial temporal lobe (P = .02, with concussion and cardiac surgery as additional covariates [E]) cortical thicknesses were also observed. Error bars indicate SD.