Table 1.
Sociodemographics of Children Whose Families Did and Did Not Discuss Limitation or Withdrawal of Life Support With Clinicians
| Did Not Have Discussions | Had Discussions | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics |
n = 9,830 n (%) |
n = 248 n (%) |
pa |
| Gender | 0.193 | ||
| Male | 5,404 (55.0) | 126 (50.8) | |
| Female | 4,426 (45.0) | 122 (49.2) | |
| Age at PICU admission | < 0.001 | ||
| 0 d to < 14 d | 455 (4.6) | 37 (14.9) | |
| 14 d to < 1 mo | 137 (1.4) | 1 (0.4) | |
| 1 mo to < 12 mo | 2,111 (21.5) | 53 (21.4) | |
| > 12 mo | 7, 127 (72.5) | 157 (63.3) | |
| Race/ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||
| Hispanic | 1,656 (16.8) | 70 (28.2) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native, NH | 135 (1.4) | 7 (2.8) | |
| Asian, NH | 253 (2.6) | 10 (4.0) | |
| Black or African American, NH | 2,231 (22.7) | 40 (16.1) | |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, NH | 34 (0.3) | 2 (0.8) | |
| White, NH | 4,622 (47.0) | 89 (35.9) | |
| Multiracial, NH | 14 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown or not reported | 885 (9.0) | 30 (12.1) | |
| Payer type | < 0.001 | ||
| Government | 5,248 (53.4) | 172 (69.4) | |
| Nongovernment | 4,358 (44.3) | 70 (28.2) | |
| Missing | 224 (2.3) | 6 (2.4) | |
| Site | < 0.001 | ||
| 1 | 1,373 (14.0) | 31 (12.5) | |
| 2 | 1,583 (16.1) | 34 (13.7) | |
| 3 | 1,215 (12.4) | 37 (14.9) | |
| 4 | 1,345 (13.7) | 68 (27.4) | |
| 5 | 1,469 (14.9) | 29 (11.7) | |
| 6 | 1,511 (15.4) | 36 (14.5) | |
| 7 | 1,334 (13.6) | 13 (5.2) |
NH = non-Hispanic.
a
p value reflects the Cochran-Armitage test for the age at PICU admission and the χ2 or Fisher exact test for all other variables.