µ	specific growth rate
µmax	maximum specific growth rate
Δε	relative permittivity
BGs	Bacterial Ghosts
DCW	dry cell weight
DoE	design of experiments
DoR	Degree of Reduction
EcN	Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
E-lysis	protein E-mediated lysis
F	feed flow rate
FCM	flow cytometry
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
LE	lysis efficiency
LI	E-lysis induction
MFC	mass flow controller
PAT	process analytical technology
PCS	process control system
PID controller	proportional-integral-derivative controller
qS	specific substrate uptake rate
qS,max	maximum specific substrate uptake rate
V	(fermentation) volume
X	viable biomass concentration
YX/S	biomass yield coefficient