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Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) restores the expression of slit diaphragm proteins. (A) Representative western blots of podocin, nephrin, desmin and β-actin proteins isolated from the kidneys from different groups. Protein bands are representative of >3 independent experiments with similar results. (B–D) RT-qPCR of podocin, nephrin and desmin mRNA levels. (*P<0.05; NS, not significant). Data are the means ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. NC, normal control; DN, diabetic nephropathy.
