Table 1.
Comparison of Patients With or Without Heart Failure Complicating Infective Endocarditis
| No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Heart Failure (n = 1359) |
No Heart Failure (n = 2716) |
P Value |
|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 59.4 (47.4–73.2) | 56.9 (43.5–71.3) | <.001 | |
| Men | 914 (67.3) | 1858 (68.5) | .41 | |
| Region | ||||
| North America | 247 (18.2) | 456 (16.8) |  |
<.001 |
| South America | 164 (12.1) | 205 (7.5) | ||
| Europe | 707 (52.0) | 1391 (51.2) | ||
| Other | 241 (17.7) | 664 (24.4) | ||
| Transferred from another facility | 672 (49.9) | 1113 (41.4) | <.001 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 257 (19.4) | 434 (16.1) | .01 | |
| Hemodialysis | 93 (6.8) | 198 (7.3) | .65 | |
| Congenital heart disease | 115 (8.7) | 257 (9.8) | .30 | |
| Predisposing native-valve disease | 443 (33.5) | 829 (31.0) | .11 | |
| Health care–associated infection | 339 (26.2) | 586 (22.7) | .02 | |
| New or worsening murmur | 822 (60.5) | 1213 (44.7) | <.001 | |
| Causative microorganism | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 381 (28.0) | 833 (30.7) | .09 | |
| Viridans group streptococcus | 206 (15.2) | 510 (18.8) | .005 | |
| Infective endocarditis | ||||
| Left-sided, native valve | 871 (64.1) | 1533 (56.4) | <.001 | |
| Left-sided, prosthetic valve | 244 (18.0) | 459 (16.9) | .40 | |
| Right-sided vegetation only | 116 (9.1) | 413 (16.1) | <.001 | |
| New aortic regurgitation | 597 (44.9) | 719 (27.2) | <.001 | |
| New mitral regurgitation | 577 (43.1) | 857 (32.3) | <.001 | |
| Paravalvular complication | 426 (31.8) | 561 (20.9) | <.001 | |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.