Table 2.
Characteristics of Patients With Infective Endocarditis and Heart Failure Associated With Surgerya
| No. (%) [95% CI] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Surgery (n = 839) |
No Surgery (n = 514) |
P Value |
OR (95% CI) | |
| Age, y | |||||
| ≤45 | 220 (26.2) [23.2–29.2] | 65 (12.6) [9.8–15.5] |  |
<.001 | 4.60 (2.75–7.69) |
| 46–60 | 242 (28.8) [25.8–31.9] | 117 (22.8) [19.1–26.4] | 3.11 (2.02–4.80) | ||
| 61–70 | 183 (21.8) [19–24.6] | 88 (17.1) [13.9–20.4] | 2.92 (1.93–4.42) | ||
| >70 | 194 (23.1) [20.3–26.0] | 244 (47.5) [43.2–51.8] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Men | 605 (72.1) [69.1–75.1] | 305 (59.3) [55.1–63.6] | <.001 | NAb | |
| Region | |||||
| North America | 144 (17.2) [14.6–19.7] | 102 (19.8) [16.4–23.3] |  |
.004 | NAb |
| South America | 113 (13.5) [11.2–15.8] | 51 (9.9) [7.3–12.5] | |||
| Europe | 454 (54.1) [50.7–57.5] | 250 (48.6) [44.3–53.0] | |||
| Other | 128 (15.3) [12.8–17.7] | 111 (21.6) [18.0–25.2] | |||
| ≥1 mo since first infective endocarditis manifestation | 234 (27.9) [24.9–30.9] | 65 (12.6) [9.8–15.5] | <.001 | 1.69 (1.12–2.54) | |
| Transferred from another facility | 485 (57.8) [54.5–61.1] | 186 (36.2) [32.0–40.3] | <.001 | 1.83 (1.33–2.51 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 125 (14.9) [12.5–17.3] | 131 (25.5) [21.7–29.3] | <.001 | ||
| Hemodialysis | 35 (4.2) [2.8–5.5] | 57 (11.1) [8.4–13.8] | <.001 | 0.36 (0.18–0.75) | |
| Left-sided, native-valve infective endocarditis | 565 (67.3) [64.2–70.5] | 302 (58.8) [54.5–63.0] | .002 | 1.61 (1.06–2.44) | |
| Health care–associated infection | 164 (19.5) [16.9–22.2] | 172 (33.5) [29.4–37.5] | <.001 | NAb | |
| Causative microorganism | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 179 (21.3) [18.6–24.1] | 200 (38.9) [34.7–43.1] | <.001 | 0.52 (0.31–0.86) | |
| Viridans group streptococcus | 139 (16.6) [14.1–19.1] | 67 (13.0) [10.1–15.9] | .09 | ||
| NYHA class III or IV | 572 (68.2) [65–71.3] | 332 (64.6) [60.5–68.7] | .003 | 2.15 (1.49–3.11) | |
| New valve regurgitation | 698 (83.2) [80.7–85.7] | 336 (66.4) [61.3–69.5] | <.001 | 1.79 (1.23–2.60) | |
| Paravalvular complication | 327 (39.0) [35.7–42.3] | 99 (19.3) [15.9–22.7] | <.001 | 3.07 (2.15–4.39) | |
| Stroke | 153 (18.2) [15.6–20.8] | 135 (26.3) [22.5–30.1] | <.001 | NAb | |
Abbreviations: NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio; NA, not applicable.
a
ORs and CIs calculated from the multivariable logistic model used to determine the propensity score for surgical treatment.
b
Not statistically significant in multivariable model.