Table 4.
Analyses of risk factors for pulmonary TB among study participants (n = 250), Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2012.
| Characteristic | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age (year) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.60 | ||
| Female | 1.58 (0.41–6.20) | 0.51 | ||
| Married | 0.27 (0.06–1.25) | 0.09 | 0.31 (0.06–1.52) | 0.15 |
| Unemployed | 0.69 (0.20–2.31) | 0.54 | ||
| Illiterate | 0.57 (0.15–2.20) | 0.41 | ||
| Any alcohol use | 1.75 (0.36–8.50) | 0.49 | ||
| Previous contact with TB | 1.17 (0.14–9.51) | 0.89 | ||
| Household members >4 | 1.58 (0.47–5.34) | 0.46 | ||
| HIV | ||||
| WHO stage III/IV vs. I/II | 1.12 (0.32–3.92) | 0.87 | ||
| HAART use | 0.58 (0.17–1.96) | 0.38 | ||
| T cell count <200 | 2.93 (0.86–9.96) | 0.09 | 2.54 (0.68–9.56) | 0.17 |
| History of TB treatment | 1.41 (0.40–4.96) | 0.59 | ||
| Current OIs | ||||
| Thrush | 0.56 (0.07–4.54) | 0.59 | ||
| Pneumonia | 3.89 (0.96–15.79) | 0.06 | 4.81 (1.08–21.43) * | 0.04 * |
| Herpes Zoster | 0.66 (0.24–3.15) | 0.61 | ||
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 0.83 (0.24–2.93) | 0.77 | ||
| Cough | 2.31 (0.49–10.92) | 0.29 | ||
| Weight loss | 2.62 (0.78–8.87) | 0.12 | 2.38 (0.67–8.43) | 0.10 |
| Night sweats | 1.76 (0.46–6.80) | 0.41 | ||
| CXR infiltrate | 0.58 (0.07–4.84) | 0.61 | ||
TB – tuberculosis; OR – odds ratio; CI – confidence interval; HAART – highly active antiretroviral therapy; CD – cluster of differentiation; OIs – opportunistic infections; CXR – chest X-ray.
*
Statistically significant.