Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics (N = 6394)
| Characteristic | HF, n = 217 | No HF, n = 6177 | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 68 ± 8.8 | 62 ± 10 | <0.0001 |
| Male sex | 127 (59) | 2831 (46) | 0.0002 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 87 (40) | 2326 (38) | |
| Chinese American | 16 (7.0) | 765 (12) | |
| Black | 63 (29) | 1709 (28) | |
| Hispanic | 51 (24) | 1377 (22) | 0.18 |
| Education, high school or less | 97 (45) | 2239 (36) | 0.011 |
| Income < $20 000 | 81 (37) | 1635 (26) | 0.0004 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30 ± 6.3 | 28 ± 5.4 | <0.0001 |
| Ever smoker | 123 (57) | 3028 (49) | 0.027 |
| DM | 77 (35) | 811 (13) | <0.0001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 139 ± 23 | 126 ± 21 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 190 ± 34 | 195 ± 36 | 0.059 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 48 ± 13 | 51 ± 15 | 0.0049 |
| Antihypertensive medications | 126 (58) | 2211 (36) | <0.0001 |
| Aspirin | 76 (35) | 1420 (23) | <0.0001 |
| Statin | 40 (18) | 894 (14) | 0.10 |
| LVH | 19 (8.8) | 204 (3.3) | <0.0001 |
| QRS duration, ms | 94 ± 9.8 | 91 ± 9.7 | 0.0003 |
| Lead V5 time to ID, ms | 35 ± 7.1 | 34 ± 6.8 | 0.13 |
| Lead V6 time to ID, ms | 36 ± 7.8 | 35 ± 7.6 | 0.031 |
| Maximum time to ID, ms | 38 ± 6.9 | 37 ± 6.4 | 0.049 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 66 ± 10 | 63 ± 9.6 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HF, heart failure; ID, intrinsicoid deflection; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; ms, millisecond; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; y, years
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.
a
Statistical significance for continuous data was tested using the t test; categorical data were tested using the χ2 test.