Table 1.
Demographic and perioperative data for the POAF and control groups. POAF, postoperative atrial fibrillation.
| POAF | Control | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 752 (36.8%) | 1289 (63.2%) | |
| Age (yr) | 68.1 ± 11.4 | 59.8 ± 14.6 | <0.001 |
| Male | 472 (62.8%) | 833 (64.6%) | 0.399 |
| White/Caucasian | 682 (90.7%) | 1083 (84.0%) | <0.001 |
| Black/African American | 62 (8.2%) | 178 (13.8%) | <0.001 |
| Smoker (within 1 year) | 158 (21.0%) | 375 (29.1%) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 647 (86.0%) | 988 (76.6%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 300 (39.9%) | 462 (35.8%) | 0.068 |
| Dyslipidemia | 633 (84.2%) | 1033 (80.1%) | 0.023 |
| Renal Failure (dialysis-dependent) | 40 (5.3%) | 55 (4.3%) | 0.276 |
| Chronic Lung Disease (moderate-severe) | 85 (11.3%) | 96 (7.4%) | 0.001 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 227 (30.2%) | 326 (25.3%) | 0.016 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 158 (21.0%) | 235 (18.2%) | 0.124 |
| Prior Myocardial Infarction | 302 (40.2%) | 491 (38.1%) | 0.355 |
| LV Ejection Fraction | 53 ± 15 | 55 ± 13 | 0.348 |
| Heart Failure (within 2 weeks) | 497 (66.1%) | 714 (55.4%) | <0.001 |
| NYHA Class III-IV | 364 (73.2%) | 497 (69.6%) | 0.23 |
| Cardiogenic Shock | 43 (5.7%) | 40 (3.1%) | 0.004 |
| Endocarditis | 45 (6.0%) | 79 (6.1%) | 0.895 |
| Preoperative Medications | |||
| Aspirin | 573 (76.2%) | 935 (72.5%) | 0.192 |
| Beta Blocker | 499 (66.4%) | 788 (61.1%) | 0.027 |
| ACE Inhibitor or ARB | 153 (53.5%) | 292 (51.8%) | 0.067 |
| Statin | 424 (77.4%) | 692 (78.6%) | 0.065 |
| Steroids | 49 (6.5%) | 64 (5.0%) | 0.139 |
| Valve Disease (moderate-severe) | |||
| Aortic Insufficiency | 90 (16.2%) | 144 (15.8%) | 0.826 |
| Aortic Stenosis | 305 (55.4%) | 373 (41.2%) | <0.001 |
| Mitral Insufficiency | 218 (35.6%) | 263 (26.3%) | <0.001 |
| Mitral Stenosis | 43 (7.3%) | 45 (4.7%) | 0.03 |
| Tricuspid Insufficiency | 47 (8.0%) | 65 (6.7%) | 0.362 |
| Procedure Details | |||
| Any CABG | 419 (55.7%) | 733 (56.9%) | 0.614 |
| Any Valve Surgery | 483 (64.2%) | 665 (51.6%) | <0.001 |
| CABG Only | 265 (35.3%) | 616 (47.9%) | <0.001 |
| Valve Only | 328 (43.7%) | 551 (42.8%) | 0.711 |
| CABG + Valve | 153 (20.4%) | 114 (8.9%) | <0.001 |
| Reoperation | 127 (16.9%) | 221 (17.1%) | 0.903 |
| Urgent/Emergent Status | 112 (14.9%) | 145 (11.3%) | 0.019 |
| Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time (min) | 128 ± 46 | 117 ± 40 | <0.001 |
| Aortic Cross-clamp Time (min) | 88 ± 34 | 84 ± 30 | 0.26 |
| Intraoperative Transfusion (any product) | 566 (75.3%) | 817 (63.4%) | <0.001 |
| RBC (# units) | 2.6 ± 3.1 | 1.8 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| FFP (#units) | 1.2 ± 2.7 | 0.7 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Platelets (# units) | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Cryoprecipitate (# units) | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Intra-aortic Balloon Pump | 96 (12.8%) | 92 (7.1%) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative Details | |||
| Postoperative Transfusion (any product) | 522 (69.4%) | 747 (58.0%) | <0.001 |
| RBC (# units) | 3.0 ± 6.5 | 1.6 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| FFP (#units) | 0.6 ± 2.4 | 0.3 ± 1.7 | 0.007 |
| Platelets (# units) | 0.4 ± 1.6 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.02 |
| Cryoprecipitate (# units) | 0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.096 |
| Reoperation for Bleeding | 38 (5.1%) | 44 (3.4%) | 0.079 |
| Deep Sternal Infection/Mediastinitis | 3 (0.4%) | 4 (0.3%) | 0.713 |
| Stroke | 17 (2.5%) | 15 (3.8%) | 0.207 |
| Prolonged Ventilation (>24 hr) | 194 (25.8%) | 147 (11.4%) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 74 (9.8%) | 34 (2.6%) | <0.001 |
| Renal Failure (all) | 54 (7.2%) | 20 (1.6%) | <0.001 |
| Renal Failure (dialysis required) | 30 (4.0%) | 13 (1.0%) | <0.001 |
| ICU Length of Stay (initial, median, hr) | 66 (27-123) | 43 (24-73) | <0.001 |
| ICU Readmission | 60 (8.0%) | 24 (1.9%) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Length of Stay (median, days) | 8.1 (6.1-12.8) | 6.0 (4.9-7.9) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Readmission (30 days) | 101 (13.4%) | 169 (13.1%) | 0.692 |
| Operative Mortality | 36 (4.8%) | 32 (2.5%) | 0.007 |