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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Aug 4;69:136–146. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.005

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Left: An illustration of a task X1 + X2 = C. During steady state, data across trials form an ellipse elongated along the solution space (UCM). During preparation to a quick change in C, the amount of within-UCM variance starts to drop and/or the amount of the within-ORT variance starts to grow about 200–300 ms prior to the action initiation. Right: The time profiles of a multi-muscle synergy index (ΔV, normalized difference between within-UCM and within-ORT variances) during preparation to a quick action (at time zero) computed with three different methods (different curves). Note the anticipatory synergy adjustment (ASA). Reproduced by permission from Klous et al. (2011).