Table 1.

Test performance (mean and SEM) and group differences (p-value of independent samples t-test).

	Young	Old	pBonf
WST: IQ estimate	104 ± 1.3	113 ± 2.03	0.011*
Vocoded speech understanding	0.62 ± 0.06	0.40 ± 0.06	0.099
Working memory: OSPAN	60.2 ± 2.0	45.8 ± 3.6	0.022*
VLMT proportion verbal learning (mean A1–A5)
unvocoded	0.86 ± 0.02	0.77 ± 0.03	0.154
vocoded	0.48 ± 0.04	0.28 ± 0.04	0.011*
VLMT proportion verbal learning last trial (A5)
unvocoded	0.96 ± 0.01	0.85 ± 0.03	0.033*
vocoded	0.56 ± 0.04	0.32 ± 0.05	0.011*
VLMT proportion free recall (A7)
unvocoded	0.96 ± 0.02	0.75 ± 0.04	<0.001*
vocoded	0.52 ± 0.05	0.23 ± 0.04	0.001*
VLMT proportion recognition (A8)
unvocoded	0.98 ± 0.008	0.91 ± 0.02	0.187
vocoded	0.81 ± 0.04	0.62 ± 0.04	0.066

pBonf = Bonferroni corrected p values (p-value*11). Significant group differences are indicated by a star.