Table 3.

Clinical parameters (Mean ± SD)

Variables	No medicationsa	Medicationsb	Menc	Womend	Totale	Normal
Glucose (mg/dL)f	104.0±44.7	107.9±28.6	123.6±54.9	99.0±21.8	106.2±36.1	≤110
Insulin (microU/mL)f	12.6±14.9	8.5±7.5	7.6±6.0	11.8±13.1	10.3±11.4	<21
HOMA-IR	2.9±2.8	2.3±2.5	2.3±2.1	2.8±2.9	2.6±2.6	<2.68
HOMA-β	56.8±335.2	83.7±70.4	64.0±50.9	77.5±279.4	72.0±225.6	>40%
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	91.6±43.8	76.7±58.6	87.3±46.0	83.9±57.9	83.0±53.1	<150
Cholesterol (mg/dL)g	192.9±35.1	182.6±37.2	183.7±36.0	189.4±37.7	186.9±36.5	<200
HDL (mg/dL)	47.6±15.3	51.7±15.1	39.9±10.9*	53.7±14.5*	50.0±15.2	40-60
LDL (mg/dL)	126.9±29.0	114.2±28.8	126.4±32.7	117.8±28.7	119.6±29.4	<130
VLDL (mg/dL)	18.3±8.8	13.8±4.9	17.5±9.2	15.4±6.1	15.7±7.2	5-40
Cholesterol/HDL	4.3±1.3	3.8±1.2	4.9±1.5	3.7±1.0	4.0±1.3	<5
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	6.0±3.7	5.6±2.7	4.5±2.7*	6.1±3.0*	5.8±3.1	3-14
Apo A1 (mg/mL)	6.1±3.9	5.4±3.2	4.4±3.0	5.9±3.5	5.7±3.5	>1.2
Apo B (mg/mL)	1.7±0.9	1.4±0.9	1.8±0.9	1.5±0.9	1.5±0.9	<0.8

mg/dL, milogram/deciliter; microU/mL, microunits/milliliter; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance; HOMA-β, Homeostasis Model Assessment-Beta Cell Functioning; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; VLDL, Very Low Density Lipoprotein; µg/mL, microgram/milliliter; Apo A1, Apolipoprotein A1; Apo B, Apolipoprotein B.

^a42% of the total sample was not taking medications. Sample size ranged from n=32 to n=33 because of missing data.

^bSample size ranged from n=42 to n=46 because of missing data.

^cThe number of men ranged from n=19 to n=23 because of missing data.

^dThe number of women ranged from n=49 to n=51 because of missing data.

^eSample size ranged from n=74 to n=79 because of missing data.

^f21% of the participants were taking medication for diabetes.

^g35% of the participants were taking medication for cholesterol.

^*Statistically significant as compared between men and women.