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. 2016 Sep 7;2016:2495624. doi: 10.1155/2016/2495624

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of Allium cepa extract (ACE) and quercetin (QCT) on L-buthionine sulfoximine- (BSO-) induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cortical cells. (a) Representative immunoblots for p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38MAPK loading were normalized versus ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38MAPK in all neuronal cells exposed to 10 mM BSO for the indicated treatment periods (0–4 h). (b) The cells were treated with 10 mM BSO for 2 h in the presence or absence (VEH) of ACE (10 mg/mL), QCT (10 μM), SB202190 (SB, 10 μM), or U0126 (10 μM). (c) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was quantified during BSO treatment after pretreating the cells with ACE (10 mg/mL), QCT (10 μM), SB (10 μM), or U0126 (10 μM) simultaneously with 10 mM BSO for 4 h. ROS levels in cells were quantified by measuring DCF-DA fluorescence intensity and are represented as a percentage (%) of the control (CTL). All data are mean ± standard error (n = 4). ∗ p < 0.05 versus 0 time; # p < 0.05 versus VEH.