Table 2.
Change in neurodevelopmental outcome from 18 to 36 months: change over time for prenatal triptan exposure, relative to prepregnancy triptan use, migraine only and population comparison
| Per cent (18 months )† | Per cent (36 months) | Unadjusted |
Multivariable adjusted* |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r-RR‡ | 95% CI | r-RR | 95% CI | |||
| CBCL externalising behaviour | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 11.0 | 10.0 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 7.8 | 6.5 | 1.11 | 0.70 to 1.73 | 1.11 | 0.70 to 1.75 |
| Versus migraine only | 8.1 | 7.6 | 0.99 | 0.69 to 1.43 | 1.00 | 0.70 to 1.43 |
| Versus population comparison | 7.7 | 6.5 | 1.11 | 0.79 to 1.54 | 1.11 | 0.79 to 1.54 |
| EAS emotionality | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 3.2 | 6.3 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 5.3 | 4.7 | 2.18 | 1.03 to 4.57 | 2.18 | 1.03 to 4.53 |
| Versus migraine only | 5.1 | 3.9 | 2.51 | 1.28 to 4.90 | 2.51 | 1.27 to 4.90 |
| Versus population comparison | 5.2 | 4.7 | 2.18 | 1.14 to 4.10 | 2.16 | 1.14 to 4.10 |
| EAS activity | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 9.2 | 8.3 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 9.7 | 4.7 | 1.68 | 1.02 to 2.80 | 1.70 | 1.02 to 2.80 |
| Versus migraine only | 9.8 | 5.3 | 1.57 | 1.05 to 2.34 | 1.57 | 1.04 to 2.36 |
| Versus population comparison | 9.8 | 5.1 | 1.67 | 1.14 to 2.41 | 1.67 | 1.14 to 2.42 |
| CBCL internalizing behaviour | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 8.1 | 9.5 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 6.2 | 10.8 | 0.70 | 0.41 to 1.16 | 0.69 | 0.41 to 1.14 |
| Versus migraine only | 8.7 | 10.5 | 1.01 | 0.66 to 1.57 | 1.02 | 0.66 to 1.57 |
| Versus population comparison | 7.5 | 8.1 | 1.14 | 0.75 to 1.72 | 1.12 | 0.74 to 1.70 |
| EAS shyness | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 4.9 | 12.3 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 3.5 | 9.6 | 0.93 | 0.53 to 1.65 | 0.92 | 0.52 to 1.63 |
| Versus migraine only | 4.0 | 7.7 | 1.30 | 0.81 to 2.08 | 1.30 | 0.81 to 2.08 |
| Versus population comparison | 4.5 | 8.1 | 1.40 | 0.91 to 2.16 | 1.40 | 0.91 to 2.16 |
| EAS sociability | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 8.8 | 6.3 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 6.8 | 6.4 | 0.77 | 0.45 to 1.38 | 0.78 | 0.44 to 1.38 |
| Versus migraine only | 9.3 | 6.1 | 1.12 | 0.69 to 1.80 | 1.13 | 0.70 to 1.82 |
| Versus population comparison | 8.0 | 5.7 | 1.02 | 0.65 to 1.62 | 1.03 | 0.65 to 1.63 |
| ASQ gross motor | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 1.6 | 1.2 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 3.3 | 3.0 | 0.86 | 0.23 to 3.20 | 0.86 | 0.23 to 3.19 |
| Versus migraine only | 2.3 | 3.0 | 0.58 | 0.16 to 2.02 | 0.58 | 0.17 to 2.03 |
| Versus population comparison | 2.3 | 3.1 | 0.55 | 0.16 to 1.87 | 0.55 | 0.16 to 1.88 |
| ASQ fine motor | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 13.9 | 9.5 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 11.6 | 9.4 | 0.84 | 0.52 to 1.36 | 0.85 | 0.52 to 1.37 |
| Versus migraine only | 11.5 | 9.2 | 0.85 | 0.56 to 1.28 | 0.85 | 0.56 to 1.29 |
| Versus population comparison | 11.8 | 10.4 | 0.78 | 0.52 to 1.13 | 0.77 | 0.52 to 1.14 |
| ASQ communication | ||||||
| Prenatal triptan use | 3.4 | 4.6 | ||||
| Versus prepregnancy triptans only | 4.1 | 4.5 | 1.20 | 0.55 to 2.64 | 1.22 | 0.56 to 2.68 |
| Versus migraine only | 3.8 | 5.2 | 0.96 | 0.48 to 1.93 | 0.97 | 0.48 to 1.95 |
| Versus population comparison | 4.1 | 5.0 | 1.09 | 0.56 to 2.16 | 1.12 | 0.57 to 2.19 |
*Models are adjusted for maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, parity, marital status, education, smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy, SCL depression/anxiety severity score and concomitant medication use during pregnancy (acetaminophen, opioids, NSAIDs, antidepressants).
†Per cent is the per cent with outcome, respectively, at each measurement (18 and 36 months postpartum): for example, at 18 months, 11% of children with prenatal triptan exposure had externalising symptoms at or above a z-score of 1.50, compared with 7.8% of children whose mothers used triptans prior to pregnancy.
‡r-RR is the group-by-time interaction coefficient from the generalised estimating equation model; it is the difference in change from 18 to 36 months for prenatal triptan exposure, relative to each contrast group.
ASQ, Ages and Stages Questionnaire; BMI, body mass index; CBCL, Child Behaviour Checklist; EAS, Emotionality, Activity and Shyness Temperament Questionnaire; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; r-RR, ratio of risk ratios; SCL, Symptom Checklist.