Figure 7.

Patient with normal-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis. This patient has a normal flow (stroke volume index >35 mL/m²), small aortic valve area, small indexed aortic valve area, and low mean transvalvular gradient at echocardiography. As in the patient with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient (Figure 5), it is important first to rule-out measurement errors and then confirm stenosis severity, especially if the patient is symptomatic. In this patient, aortic valve calcium score by multi-detector computed tomography suggests the presence of a moderate to severe aortic stenosis.