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. 2016 Jul 20;80(4):554–565. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.105

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Copyright © 2016 Official journal of the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Immunofluorescence of HIF_1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, and COX-2 in retinal layers from P21 RA controls, Sal/Sal IHR, and Keto/Caff IHR groups. Panel a represents RA controls, panel b represents Sal/Sal IHR groups, and panel c represents Caff/Keto IHR groups. Layers are described in Figure 5a. Compared to RA controls, Sal/Sal IHR retinas abundant VEGF and COX-2 immunostaining in the retinal cells invading the vitreous fluid (arrow), and increased HIF1α and COX-2 immunostaining in the P and C (arrow). Keto/Caff treatment decreased VEGF and COX-2, but not HIF1α in the P and C (arrow). Images are 40× magnification, bar scale is 20 µm.