Table 1.
Characteristics of the Sample (n = 1142)
| Study measures | Full Sample Mean rates, % (SD) | Male Mean rates, % (SD) | Female Mean rates, % (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | |||
| Mother educated less than high school* | 52.5 (0.50) | 55.0 (0.50) | 50.4 (0.50) |
| Mother employed less than part-time* | 65.6 (0.48) | 63.4 (0.48) | 67.4 (0.47) |
| Four or more children in childhood household* | 17.6 (0.38) | 16.3 (0.37) | 18.7 (0.39) |
| TANF recipient* | 61.1 (0.49) | 58.6 (0.49) | 63.2 (0.48) |
| Female | 54.3 (0.50) | ~ | ~ |
| Black/African American | 94.1 (0.24) | 93.9 (0.24) | 94.4 (0.23) |
| Participated in Child-Parent Center preschool | 65.7 (0.48) | 62.6 (0.48) | |
| Explanatory variables | |||
| Frequent family conflict (ages 0–15) | 15.8 (0.36) | 17.2 (0.38) | 14.5 (0.35) |
| Physical abuse (ages 0–15) | 2.7 (0.16) | 3.6 (0.19) | 1.9 (0.14) |
| Outcome | |||
| Violent crime victimization (ages 16–22) | 12.6 (0.33) | 19.0 (0.39) | 7.3 (0.26) |
*
Child age 0–3. TANF = Temporary Aid for Needy Families