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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Rep Prog Phys. 2016 Aug 9;79(9):096701. doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096701

Figure 8. Selective subretinal activation of the retina.

Figure 8

(a) RGCs respond to electric activation of the retina with a combination of short (SL), medium (ML) and long latency (LL) action potentials. SL responses come from direct activation of the RGCs, while ML responses originate in the inner nuclear layer, and LL responses likely originate in the photoreceptor layer. (b) Strength-duration relationship for a stimulating electrode placed epiretinally delivering cathodic-first current pulses. Short (<2 ms) pulses can selectively activate the RGCs, while long (>10 ms) pulses can selectively activate the INL. (c) Strength-duration relationship for a stimulating electrode placed in the outer plexiform layer (subretinal positioning) delivering anodic-first current pulses. Long (10 ms) anodic pulses can activate the INL without eliciting activity in the GCL. Data adapted from [11].