Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Standard-dose caffeine N = 30 | High-dose caffeine N = 29 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perinatal factors | |||
| Gestational age, mean (SD), weeks | 26.5 (1.9) | 25.8 (2.0) | 0.15 |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 946 (248) | 840 (241) | 0.07 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 16 (53) | 16 (55) | 1.00 |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian, n (%) | 9 (30) | 14 (49) | 0.54 |
| African American, n (%) | 18 (60) | 12 (41) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | |
| Asian, n (%) | 2 (7) | 2 (7) | |
| Maternal age, mean (SD), years | 24.7 (6.1) | 28.4 (7.7) | 0.07 |
| Antenatal steroids | |||
| None, n (%) | 4 (13) | 2 (7) | 0.67 |
| Complete, n (%) | 16 (53) | 13 (45) | 0.61 |
| Chorioamnionitis,an (%) | 12 (40) | 9 (31) | 0.59 |
| Vaginal delivery, n (%) | 10 (33) | 7 (24) | 0.57 |
| CRIB-II score, median (range) | 10 (3–19) | 12 (4–17) | 0.64 |
| Umbilical cord blood pH, mean (SD) | 7.29 (0.07) | 7.29 (0.11) | 0.59 |
| Clinical factors | |||
| Lowest recorded glucose, mean (SD), g/dL | 72.1 (28.4) | 66.7 (19.4) | 0.29 |
| 5-minute Apgar score, median (range) | 7 (3–9) | 6 (2–9) | 0.31 |
| Midazolam,b mean (SD), mg/kg | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.35 |
| Fentanyl,b mean (SD), μg/kg | 12.9 (37.6) | 49.4 (93.5) | <0.01c |
| Inotropes,d median (range), hours | 1.2 (4.2) | 24.5 (63.9) | 0.16 |
| Surfactant administration, n (%) | 30 (100) | 29 (100) | 1.00 |
a
Histologic diagnosis.
b
Total medication exposure during the first week of life.
c
Denotes significance at p ≤ 0.05.
d
Combined inotrope exposure during the first week of life, including dopamine, dobutamine, and epinephrine. Comparisons made using Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables or Fisher's Exact Test (two-sided) for categorical variables.
SD, standard deviation.