Table 4.

Bivariable and multivariable GEE analyses of factors associated with loss of income assistance among street-involved youth in Vancouver (n=770).

Characteristic	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Age	0.98 (0.93 – 1.04)	0.536
Female gender	0.66 (0.45 – 0.96)	0.032
Caucasian ethnicity	1.13 (0.80 – 1.59)	0.479
Homelessa	1.78 (1.27 – 2.49)	0.001	1.48 (1.04 – 2.09)	0.029
Living in DTESa	1.16 (0.84 – 1.60)	0.378
Injection drug usea	0.79 (0.54 – 1.16)	0.227
Heavy alcohol useb	1.50 (1.09 – 2.05)	0.012	1.36 (0.98 – 1.89)	0.064
≥Daily heroin usea, c	0.65 (0.38 – 1.12)	0.123
≥Daily cocaine usea, c	1.85 (0.81 – 4.22)	0.143
≥Daily crack smokinga	0.91 (0.54 – 1.50)	0.701
≥Daily crystal meth usea, c	1.20 (0.76 – 1.87)	0.433
Drug and alcohol treatmenta	1.16 (0.85 – 1.59)	0.357
Non-fatal overdosea	1.58 (0.97 – 2.58)	0.068
Unprotected sexa	0.97 (0.72 – 1.31)	0.826
Victim of violencea	1.60 (1.17 – 2.20)	0.003	1.30 (0.93 – 1.82)	0.126
Incarcerationa	2.28 (1.62 – 3.21)	<0.001	1.83 (1.25 – 2.67)	0.002
Sex worka	0.52 (0.25 – 1.07)	0.077	0.51 (0.25 – 1.07)	0.074
Drug dealinga	1.90 (1.39 – 2.58)	<0.001	1.59 (1.15 – 2.21)	0.006

^aDenotes activities in the previous six months

^bDenotes activities in the previous week

^cRefers to any route of consumption (i.e., sniffing, snorting, smoking, or injecting)