Table 5.

Estimated Effects of CPC Preschool Participation after Including Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills One at a Time

	High school completion		Highest grade completed		Incarceration
Entered variables	Marginal effect	p-value	Coeff.	p-value	Marginal effect	p-value
CPC Preschool participation (main effect)	.0869	.001	.3245	.001	−.0501	.033
Cognitive skills
ITBS kindergarten cognitive readiness (age 5)	.0699	.011	.2540	.010	−.0396	.102
ITBS kindergarten word analysis skills (age 6)	.0652	.016	.2321	.016	−.0435	.068
ITBS Kindergarten math scores (age 6)	.0716	.008	.2675	.006	−.0424	.075
ITBS reading scores (age 12)	.0523	.082	.2263	.030	−.0402	.111
ITBS math scores (age 12)	.0515	.086	.2025	.048	−.0399	.113
ITBS reading scores (age 14)	.0502	.080	.1933	.047	−.0321	.183
ITBS math scores (age 14)	.0481	.093	.1941	.045	−.0363	.134
Any retention (ages 6–14), %	.0625	.027	.2654	.007	−.0485	.044
Any learning disability special edu (ages 7–18), %	.0665	.019	.2852	.004	−.0495	.040
Non-cognitive
Classroom adjustment (ages 7–9)	.0748	.007	.2795	.003	−.0513	.033
Troublemaking behavior (ages 9–12)	.0739	.01	.2846	.005	−.0387	.102
Peer social skills (ages 12–13)	.0701	.033	.3045	.009	−.0336	.208
School commitment (ages 11–15)	.0603	.042	.2601	.013	−.0300	.213
Any delinquency, %	.0669	.016	.2552	.008	−.0212	.374
Parent participation average or above (ages 7–12)	.0680	.013	.2756	.004	−.0430	.068

Note. Coefficients are the estimated preschool effect after including one and only one indicator of cognitive or noncognitive skills.